Standard: The Social Responsibilities of Scientists and Engineers: Developing a Global Survey

标准：科学家和工程师的社会责任：开展全球调查

• 批准号: 1540398
• 负责人: Mark Frankel
• 金额: $ 8.47万
• 依托单位: American Association for the Advancement of Science
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1540398&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Standard; Social; Responsibilities; Scientists; Engineers

During the past four decades, a considerable amount of professional and public attention and resources have been dedicated to examining the scope, content and boundaries of researchers? professional responsibilities. In the U.S., legislation has been enacted, state and federal regulations have been implemented, research institutions have established policies on the conduct of research, and professional societies have adopted codes of ethics/conduct on what constitutes good and ethical research practices. Moreover, ?research on research integrity,? has grown significantly during this same time frame, with funding available through public and private sources worldwide. As a result, there is a vast amount of data collected on the conduct of research. If one reviews that scholarship and data, it is possible to gain insight into how researchers and others view the research enterprise, how the organization and support of research contributes to or detracts from a culture of responsibility, the factors that influence research behavior, and much more. The overwhelming evidence is that when it comes to scientists? and engineers? professional responsibilities, there has been no shortage of attention and activity, and this has built a substantial knowledge base about the factors affecting a culture of responsibility related to research practices. The same cannot be said, however, with regard to the social responsibilities of scientists and engineers. There is no consensus inside or outside the scientific community on the nature of such responsibilities - what they are, how they can be operationalized, to whom they are owed, and in what circumstances. Yet, calls for scientists and engineers to accept and fulfill such responsibility are widespread, both from within and outside science and engineering. This project will result in the design, pre-test and subsequent fielding of a rigorous and robust international survey that will be the most globally comprehensive effort to date to generate data that will advance knowledge and understanding in the fields of science policy, science and technology studies, and the history and philosophy of science and technology. The data generated by the survey and its analysis are expected to make the following contributions: 1) influence ongoing national and international conversations about the roles and responsibilities of scientists and engineers in society; 2) help clarify public expectations about science and engineering and inform the evaluation of options for exercising oversight of science and innovation; 3) enhance discussions among scientists and engineers about the normative forces that underlie their social responsibilities; 4) provide a major data point for considering specific recommendations on the nature and scope of those responsibilities (leading, perhaps, to their codification in codes of ethics/conduct and other relevant statements of principle and/or practice); 5) point to ways that consideration of social responsibilities might be integrated into the education and training of scientists and engineers.

在过去的四十年中，大量的专业和公众关注和资源致力于研究研究人员的范围，内容和界限？专业责任。在美国制定了立法，已经实施了州和联邦法规，研究机构制定了有关研究的政策，专业社会已经对构成良好和伦理研究实践的道德/行为守则采用了道德规范。此外，研究完整性的研究？在同一时间范围内，已经有了显着增长，并通过全球公共和私人资源提供资金。结果，收集了有关研究的大量数据。如果人们回顾了该奖学金和数据，就可以深入了解研究人员和其他人如何看待研究企业，组织和支持如何促进或损害责任文化，影响研究行为的因素等等。 压倒性的证据是，关于科学家？和工程师？专业责任，不乏关注和活动，这已经建立了有关影响与研究实践相关的责任文化的因素的实质性知识基础。但是，就科学家和工程师的社会责任而言，不能这样说。科学界内部或外部没有关于这种责任的性质的共识 - 他们是什么，如何被运营，欠他们的欠款以及在什么情况下。然而，呼吁科学家和工程师接受和履行这种责任，无论是从科学和工程外部和外部的。该项目将导致一项严格且强大的国际调查的设计，预测试和随后的范围，该调查将是迄今为止最全球范围的努力，以生成将在科学政策，科学技术研究以及科学技术的历史和哲学领域提高知识和理解的数据。 该调查产生的数据及其分析预计将做出以下贡献：1）影响有关科学家和工程师在社会中的角色和责任的持续的国家和国际对话； 2）帮助阐明公众对科学和工程的期望，并为对科学和创新的监督进行评估； 3）加强科学家和工程师之间就其社会责任构成的规范力量的讨论； 4）提供了一个主要数据点，以考虑有关这些责任性质和范围的具体建议（也许导致其在道德/行为守则和其他相关原则和/或实践陈述中的编纂）； 5）指出，考虑社会责任的方式可能会纳入科学家和工程师的教育和培训。