Collaborative Research: Multiple Stressors in the Estuarine Environment: What drives changes in the Carbon Dioxide system?

合作研究：河口环境中的多重压力源：是什么推动了二氧化碳系统的变化？

• 批准号: 1536996
• 负责人: Raymond Najjar
• 金额: $ 18万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-10-01 至 2020-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1536996&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Multiple; Stressors; Estuarine

Understanding the vulnerability of estuarine ecosystems to anthropogenic impacts requires a quantitative assessment of the dynamic drivers of change to the estuarine carbonate system. Estuaries are currently experiencing multiple environmental stressors that have significant impacts on their carbonate chemistry, making this assessment a major challenge. Although the effects of changes in nutrient run-off (i.e. eutrophication and hypoxia) have been long-studied in many estuaries, much less attention has been given to the impacts of global change on these systems. In this study, a team of field scientists and modelers will attempt to distinguish natural interannual variability in a major US estuary from the impacts of local anthropogenic changes (e.g., nutrient inputs, changing freshwater end member characteristics) and global change (increases in atmospheric temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide, and sea level), by using numerical models calibrated with CO2-system observations at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. If successful, this will be the first study to quantitatively distinguish between local and global anthropogenic impacts on the CO2 system in an estuary. The results are expected to have important implications for management of Chesapeake Bay because the impact of local anthropogenic stressors on the system, once isolated, may be mitigated by appropriate environmental policy implemented at the regional scale. Two of the PIs have a strong history of proven relationships with Chesapeake Bay managers and policy makers, which will insure direct infusion of these scientific results into ongoing management decisions.In this project researchers will study the diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variability of the CO2 system in the Chesapeake Bay, a non-pristine estuary, using a combination of conventional shipboard sampling (of dissolved inorganic carbon, and alkalinity) and new high-frequency autonomous instrumentation (for observations of pH and CO2 partial pressure) to assess the impact of extreme events, like tropical storms and nor?easters on carbonate chemistry. These high-quality observations will afford a rigorous assessment of the uncertainty associated with a 30-year water-quality monitoring time series of pH and alkalinity. The team will use an estuarine-carbon-biogeochemical model evaluated and calibrated with the new and long-term observations. Sensitivity experiments will be applied to disentangle multiple impacts on the CO2 system in the estuary over the last 30 years, including increased atmospheric temperature and CO2, sea-level rise, eutrophication due to increases in nutrient run-off, and changing carbonate characteristics of riverine end-members.

了解河口生态系统对人为影响的脆弱性需要对河口碳酸盐系统变化的动态驱动因素进行定量评估。河口目前正在经历多种环境压力源，这些压力源对其碳酸盐化学产生重大影响，这使得这项评估成为了重大挑战。尽管在许多河口中已经长期研究了营养径流变化（即富营养化和缺氧）的影响，但对全球变化对这些系统的影响的关注要少得多。在这项研究中，一支野外科学家和建模者团队将试图区分美国主要河口的自然际变化与局部人为变化的影响（例如，营养输入，淡水最终成员特征的变化）和全球变化（大气中的淡水最终成员特征）（通过大气中的温度增加，大气中的二氧化碳和海平面上的升高），并通过使用数字级别的级别级别进行co2-Sparit co2-级别级别。 如果成功，这将是第一个定量区分局部和全球人为影响对河口中二氧化碳系统的研究。 预计结果对切萨皮克湾的管理具有重要意义，因为一旦隔离的局部人为压力源对系统的影响可能会受到在区域范围内实施的适当环境政策的减轻。 Two of the PIs have a strong history of proven relationships with Chesapeake Bay managers and policy makers, which will insure direct infusion of these scientific results into ongoing management decisions.In this project researchers will study the diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variability of the CO2 system in the Chesapeake Bay, a non-pristine estuary, using a combination of conventional shipboard sampling (of dissolved inorganic carbon, and碱度）和新的高频自主仪器（观察pH和二氧化碳部分压力），以评估极端事件的影响，例如热带风暴和非伊斯特斯对碳酸盐化学的影响。这些高质量的观察结果将对与30年水质监测时间序列的pH和碱度相关的不确定性进行严格评估。该团队将使用对新的和长期观察结果进行评估和校准的河口碳生物地球化学模型。敏感性实验将用于在过去30年中对河口的二氧化碳系统产生多种影响，包括大气温度升高和二氧化碳，海平面上升，营养径流增加以及河流终端成员的碳酸盐特征而导致的富营养化。