Collaborative Research: Equipment for and Running of the PSI MUSE Experiment

合作研究：PSI MUSE 实验的设备和运行

• 批准号: 1506061
• 负责人: Evangeline Downie
• 金额: $ 1万
• 依托单位: George Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1506061&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Equipment; Running; PSI

A fundamental goal of subatomic physics is the precise determination of the physical properties of subatomic particles such as the proton and neutron. The radius of the proton is one of these properties. The radius can be measured by scattering electrons, or heavier particles called muons, off protons. Another technique is to measure the energy levels of hydrogen, an atom consisting of a proton plus an electron, or muonic hydrogen, an atom consisting of a proton with the electron replaced by a muon. To date, the radius has been measured by scattering of electrons off protons, and by the energy levels of hydrogen and muonic hydrogen. The proton radius derived from the measurement of the energy levels in muonic hydrogen disagrees with the radius derived from the measurements of the energy levels in hydrogen, and with the measurements of the proton radius by scattering of electrons, an issue known as "the proton radius puzzle." The discrepancy has attracted wide attention, because it may indicate the existence of previously unobserved and unexpected differences between the interactions of muons and electrons. A dedicated MUon proton Scattering Experiment (MUSE), which will run at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland and directly compare the scattering of muons and electrons from protons, is highly anticipated by experts in the field for its potential to resolve the puzzle. This project will cover the prototyping and development of several crucial components of the MUSE experiment detectors. The project will involve the training of students and young scientists, at the undergraduate, graduate, post-doctoral, and junior faculty levels. The institutions involved in the project have trained large numbers of students of each type, including from minority populations. The training they have received in the process of doing basic research has led to careers in a variety of areas, from medical physics to national security, in addition to continued work in fundamental physics research. The MUSE experiment will broaden the perspective of American students by having them work in an international collaboration at an international laboratory, which will prepare them effectively to become prominent global scientists of the next generation. With the broad interest in the proton radius puzzle, MUSE has the potential to be broadly inspirational beyond the current scientific community.

亚原子物理学的基本目标是对质子和中子等亚原子颗粒的物理特性的精确确定。 质子的半径是这些特性之一。半径可以通过散射电子或称为MUON的较重的质子（质子）来测量。另一种技术是测量氢的能量水平，一种由质子加上电子或Muonic氢组成的原子，该原子是由质子组成的原子，由质子组成，并由电子代替。迄今为止，已经通过电子从质子和氢和muonic氢的能级散射到半径。 质子半径是从muonic氢中能量水平的测量中得出的，与氢在氢中能量水平的测量以及通过散射电子的测量结果的半径不一致，该问题被称为“质子半径拼图”。差异引起了广泛的关注，因为它可能表明了Muons和电子的相互作用之间以前未观察到的意外差异。 一个专用的MUON质子散射实验（MUSE）将在瑞士的Paul Scherrer Institute运行，并直接比较了质子的Muons和Electron的散射，该领域的专家对其解决难题的潜力备受期待。该项目将涵盖Muse实验探测器的几个关键组成部分的原型和开发。该项目将涉及在本科，研究生，博士后和初级教师级别的学生和年轻科学家的培训。参与该项目的机构已经培训了每种类型的大量学生，包括来自少数群体。他们在进行基础研究过程中接受的培训还导致了从医学物理学到国家安全的各个领域的职业，除了继续从事基本物理学研究。缪斯实验将通过在国际实验室的国际合作中工作来扩大美国学生的观点，这将有效地成为下一代全球著名科学家的准备。由于对质子半径难题的广泛兴趣，缪斯有可能在当前科学界广泛鼓舞人心。