Collaborative Research: Mechanisms supporting persistence of a key plankton species during climate change on the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf

合作研究：支持西北大西洋大陆架气候变化期间关键浮游生物物种持续存在的机制

• 批准号: 1459087
• 负责人: Jeffrey Runge
• 金额: $ 22.35万
• 依托单位: University of Maine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1459087&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Mechanisms; supporting; persistence

In the Gulf of Maine region, rapid warming of the ocean surface in recent years has raised concern in the research and resource management communities, fishing industry and the general public about effects on the coastal marine ecosystem. This interdisciplinary, collaborative project will improve understanding of the physical and biological processes controlling the abundance of a planktonic animal that is particularly important in the food web of the northeast coastal ocean. About the size of a grain of rice, the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus is the primary prey for herring and other forage fish, as well as for the endangered northern right whale. This study will examine whether transport of C. finmarchicus into the Gulf of Maine from cold Canadian waters, in combination with growth and reproduction in the relatively cold Maine Coastal Current, is sufficient to supply the region with the numbers needed to attract and nourish the fish, seabirds and mammals that rely on its energy rich life stages, despite recent ocean warming. The research team will develop a computer model that links extensive understanding of the species' life history with ocean currents and temperature. Results from the model will be tested against field collections at two locations. This study will also contribute to the new Integrated Sentinel Monitoring Network, a joint effort planned by federal and state agencies with academic research participation to monitor future ecosystem change on the northeastern coastal shelf. It will train a graduate student and postdoctoral scientist in interdisciplinary research and also provide support for an early-career investigator.The project will take a process modeling approach that takes into account regional and mesoscale interaction between life history and bathymetry and circulation to improve understanding of planktonic species distribution shifts. It will combine two decades of research on Calanus finmarchicus life history, including diapause, with a high resolution regional circulation model into an innovative application of a three dimensional, physical-biological model. The modeling approach represents an advancement of climate forecasts of species ranges by coupling a Lagrangian perspective with local processes to better resolve complex range boundaries. It will use Lagrangian parameters such as finite-scale or finite-time Lyapunov exponents, translating particle trajectories into scalar fields that represent the structure of the advective regime. The model will be informed by and tested with measurements of vital rates and demographic data collected on a research vessel at two time series stations. It will be used in backward-in-time and forward-in-time modes to test hypotheses about sources and destinations of C. finmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine, effects of match/mismatch in phenologies, and exploration effects of climate forced scenarios on advective pathways.

在缅因湾地区，近年来海洋表面的快速变暖引起了研究和资源管理界、渔业和公众对沿海海洋生态系统影响的关注。这个跨学科的合作项目将增进对控制浮游动物丰度的物理和生物过程的理解，浮游动物在东北沿海海洋的食物网中尤为重要。海洋桡足动物 Calanus finmarchicus 的大小约为一粒米，是鲱鱼和其他饲料鱼以及濒临灭绝的北露脊鲸的主要猎物。这项研究将检验 C. finmarchicus 从寒冷的加拿大水域运输到缅因湾，结合相对寒冷的缅因州沿岸海流的生长和繁殖，是否足以为该地区提供吸引和滋养鱼类所需的数量尽管最近海洋变暖，但海鸟和哺乳动物仍依赖其丰富的能量生命阶段。研究小组将开发一种计算机模型，将对该物种生活史的广泛了解与洋流和温度联系起来。该模型的结果将根据两个地点的现场收集进行测试。这项研究还将为新的综合哨兵监测网络做出贡献，该网络是联邦和州机构与学术研究参与共同规划的项目，旨在监测东北沿海陆架未来的生态系统变化。它将培训跨学科研究的研究生和博士后科学家，并为早期职业研究者提供支持。该项目将采用过程建模方法，考虑生命史与测深和循环之间的区域和中尺度相互作用，以增进对浮游物种分布发生变化。它将把二十年来对Finmarchicus生活史（包括滞育）的研究与高分辨率区域环流模型结合起来，形成三维物理生物模型的创新应用。该建模方法通过将拉格朗日观点与当地过程相结合，更好地解决复杂的范围边界，代表了物种范围气候预测的进步。它将使用拉格朗日参数，例如有限尺度或有限时间李亚普诺夫指数，将粒子轨迹转换为代表平流流域结构的标量场。该模型将通过在两个时间序列站的研究船上收集的生命率和人口统计数据的测量来提供信息并进行测试。它将用于时间向后和时间向前模式，以测试有关缅因湾 C. finmarchicus 的来源和目的地的假设、物候匹配/不匹配的影响以及气候强制情景对探索的影响。平流路径。