U.S.-GLOBEC: NWA Georges Bank: Effects of climate variability on Calanus dormancy patterns and population dynamics in the Northwest Atlantic

U.S.-GLOBEC：NWA Georges Bank：气候变化对西北大西洋哲水仙休眠模式和种群动态的影响

• 批准号: 0733910
• 负责人: Jeffrey Runge
• 金额: $ 18.2万
• 依托单位: University of Maine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-19 至 2009-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0733910&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: U.S.; GLOBEC; NWA; Georges; Bank

Calanoid copepods are key organisms throughout the world's oceans, consuming primary and secondary production at high rates, and serving as prey for invertebrates, larval and small pelagic fish, seabirds, and marine mammals. Many of the most abundant copepods in temperate and high latitudes, including Calanus finmarchicus in the Northwest Atlantic, can spend part of their life cycle in dormancy, a state of suppressed development. During dormancy, copepods escape unproductive surface waters and reside in deep water for several months, after which they emerge and migrate to the surface, usually prior to the spring bloom. The timing and abundance of copepods emerging from dormancy set initial conditions for population growth in the active season and is likely critical for both copepod population dynamics and for feeding and growth of larval fish. Similarly, the timing of entry into dormancy and consequent reduction of prey availability in surface waters, may be important to population dynamics of surface planktivores. The physical and biological factors that control onset of and emergence from dormancy are not known for Calanus finmarchicus or other open ocean copepod species.This project aims to identify the factors that control onset of and emergence from dormancy in Calanus finmarchicus in the Northwest Atlantic using both an inter-regional comparison of dormancy response and associated environmental conditions and individual-based model (IBM) simulations. The research tests the hypothesis that inter-regional differences in population dynamics are caused by different environmental conditions acting on copepods with similar dormancy and physiological rate responses to environmental parameters. Data sets from seven regions of the Northwest Atlantic will be compiled and compared to observational bio-physical data sets to test hypotheses about dormancy control mechanisms. IBM simulations will be run in individual regions to test the plausibility of the refined dormancy control hypotheses. IBM simulations will also be run to test the sensitivity of the model to uncertainty in dormancy and physiological rate functions, and to evaluate population responses to realistic interannual variability in surface and deepwater temperature and shifts in the timing and magnitude of the spring bloom. Modeled population responses to climate variability in C. finmarchicus will be compared to similar ongoing analyses in C. pacificus and C. marshallae. The results of the proposed research will be important for understanding basic processes that influence seasonal production of a major group of plankton. This knowledge is critical to understanding the overall trophic impact of climate change on food webs of both the Northwest Atlantic and Northeast Pacific.The proposed research involves the direct participation of one Master's level graduate student and one postdoctoral student. This research represents a continuing collaboration between scientists from the University of New Hampshire and NOAA's Pacific Fisheries Environmental Laboratory (PFEL), and it includes collaborations with scientists at Dalhousie University and Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans Laboratories. In addition, the results expected from this proposal will be applicable to current and proposed GLOBEC copepod population modeling efforts. The information gained from this work will prove valuable to management for marine mammals (northern right whale that feeds primarily on C. finmarchicus), as well as cod, herring and other fish species on Georges Bank and in the Gulf of Maine and for the understanding of impacts of climate change on these species.

Calanoid Copepods是全球海洋中的主要生物，以高速率消费初级和二级生产，并成为无脊椎动物，幼虫和小型小叶鱼，海鸟，海鸟和海洋哺乳动物的猎物。温带和高纬度地区的许多最丰富的co脚，包括西北大西洋的Calanus Finmarchicus，可以将其一部分生命周期花在休眠状态，这是一种被抑制的发展状态。在休眠期间，Copepods逃脱了非生产性的地表水，并在深水中居住了几个月，之后它们通常在春季开花之前出现并迁移到表面。从休眠开始，在活跃季节的人口增长的初始条件中出现的copepods的时机和丰度可能对copepod人口动态以及幼虫鱼的喂养和生长至关重要。同样，进入休眠状态的时机以及随之而来的地表水中猎物的供应时间可能对表面浮游生物的种群动态很重要。控制着休眠开始和出现的物理和生物学因素因Finmarchicus或其他开海pepod物种而闻名。该项目旨在确定在西北大西洋的Calanus finmarchicus在西北大西洋中使用休眠响应和相关环境的区域相比较的因素（Calanus finmarchicus）在西北大西洋中的休眠和出现。该研究检验了以下假设：种群动态的区域间差异是由作用于对环境参数的休眠和生理速率响应相似的copepods的不同环境条件引起的。将汇编来自西北大西洋七个区域的数据集，并将其与观察性生物物理数据集进行比较，以测试有关休眠控制机制的假设。 IBM模拟将在各个区域进行，以测试精致休眠控制假设的合理性。 IBM模拟还将进行运行，以测试模型对休眠和生理速率功能不确定性的敏感性，并评估人口对地表和深水温度近年际变化的响应，以及春季盛开的时间和幅度的变化。将芬马尔梭菌中对气候变异性的人群响应建模，将与C. pacificus和Marshallae中的类似分析进行比较。拟议研究的结果对于理解影响主要浮游生物季节性生产的基本过程至关重要。这种知识对于理解气候变化对西北大西洋和东北太平洋食品网的总体营养影响至关重要。拟议的研究涉及一位硕士水平的研究生和一名博士后生的直接参与。这项研究代表了新罕布什尔大学和NOAA太平洋渔业环境实验室（PFEL）的科学家之间的持续合作，它包括与达尔豪西大学和加拿大渔业和海洋实验室的科学家的合作。此外，该提案的预期结果将适用于当前和拟议的Globec CopePod人口建模工作。从这项工作中获得的信息将证明对海洋哺乳动物的管理很有价值（主要以C. finmarchicus为食的北部右鲸），以及乔治银行和缅因州和缅因州的COD，Herring和其他鱼类以及对这些物种对这些物种的影响的理解。