Ocean Acidification-Category 1- Impact of ocean acidification on survival of early life stages of planktonic copepods in the genus Calanus in the northern

海洋酸化-类别1-海洋酸化对北部哲水蚤属浮游桡足类早期生命阶段生存的影响

• 批准号: 1041081
• 负责人: Jeffrey Runge
• 金额: $ 69.77万
• 依托单位: University of Maine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-11-01 至 2014-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1041081&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ocean; Acidification; Category; Impact; ocean

While attention concerning impacts of predicted acidification of the world's oceans has focused on calcifying organisms, non-calcifying plankton may also be vulnerable. In this project, the investigator will evaluate the potential for impacts of ocean acidification on the reproductive success of three species of planktonic copepods in the genus Calanus that are prominent in high latitude oceans. C. finmarchicus dominates the mesozooplankton biomass across much of the coastal and deep North Atlantic Ocean. C. glacialis and the larger C. hyperboreus are among the most abundant planktonic copepods in the Arctic Ocean. Previous research showed that hatching success of C. finmarchicus eggs was severely inhibited by increased CO2 and lower pH in seawater, but only tested at an extreme level. Preliminary results in the investigator's laboratory indicate that hatching success of C. finmarchicus is substantially reduced at increased seawater CO2 concentrations corresponding to pH levels between 7.9 and 7.5. Predictions of likely decline of surface pH levels to 7.7-7.8 over the next century raise questions about impacts on Calanus population dynamics if these preliminary results are confirmed. C. finmarchicus, for example, is presently at the southern edge of its range in the Gulf of Maine. The combination of higher surface layer temperature and lower pH may inhibit reproductive success during the late summer/fall bloom, which the PI hypothesize is critical to sustain the overwintering stock in this region. The investigators will collect C. finmarchicus females from the Gulf of Maine and, with the assistance of Canadian colleagues, C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus females from the deep lower St. Lawrence Estuary. They will conduct laboratory experiments in which hatching success, development and growth of Calanus nauplius stages are measured in controls of natural seawater and at a series of treatments in which CO2 concentrations, pH and temperature are rigorously controlled to represent possible future states of the northern ocean. The investigators will measure present surface and deep pCO2 and pH across the Gulf of Maine, including its deep basins, during a research cruise. The study will evaluate the hypothesis that predicted levels of CO2 increase in the northern ocean will impact population dynamics of the Calanus species. Using the results from the research cruise and a recently developed 1-D, Individual-Based life cycle model, the PI will explore in detail scenarios of impact of higher temperature and lower surface and deep pH on population dynamics of C. finmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine.Broader impacts: The lipid-rich Calanus species are considered key intermediary links between primary production and higher trophic levels in North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean food webs. Impacts of higher surface temperature and lower pH on reproductive success may potentially lead to profound changes in energy transfer and structure of pelagic ecosystems in the northern oceans. In the Gulf of Maine, C. finmarchicus serves as primary prey for herring, sand lance, and mackerel, as well as the endangered northern right whale, warranting thorough evaluation of ocean acidification effects on its population dynamics. This research will provide cross discipline training to a graduate student and undergraduate student interns. Data will be deposited in a recognized data archiving center and results disseminated through presentations at scientific meetings and peer reviewed research articles. Public outreach will be planned as part of the Gulf of Maine Research Institute community activities, including learning opportunities associated with the Cohen Center for Interactive Learning directed at fifth and sixth graders in the state of Maine.

尽管人们对预测世界海洋酸化的影响的关注集中在钙化生物上，但非钙化的浮游生物也可能很脆弱。在该项目中，研究人员将评估海洋酸化对三种浮游生物copepods在calanus属中的生殖成功的影响，这些浮游生物在高纬度海洋中很突出。 C. Finmarchicus在沿海和北大西洋的大部分地区占主导地位。冰川梭菌和较大的梭状芽胞杆菌是北极海洋中最丰富的浮游生物cope脚。先前的研究表明，海水中的二氧化碳和pH值降低，严重抑制了芬马尔氏梭菌卵的成功，但仅在极端水平上进行了测试。研究人员的实验室的初步结果表明，在升高的海水二氧化碳浓度相对于pH值之间的pH水平在7.9至7.5之间的孵化成功大大降低。如果确认这些初步结果，那么在下个世纪，表面pH水平可能下降到7.7-7.8的可能下降可能会引起有关对calanus种群动态的影响的问题。例如，C. Finmarchicus目前处于其在缅因州海湾范围的南部边缘。较高的表面层温度和较低的pH值的结合可能会抑制夏末/秋季盛开的生殖成功，PI假设这对于维持该地区的越冬库存至关重要。调查人员将从缅因州的湾收集C. finmarchicus雌性，并在加拿大同事的协助下，冰川C. glacialis和C. hyperboreus雌性来自深层劳伦斯河口。他们将进行实验室实验，在自然海水的控制中测量了孵化成功，nauplius阶段的发展和生长，并在一系列治疗方法中进行了一系列二氧化碳，pH和温度的严格控制，以代表北部海洋的未来状态。研究人员将在研究巡航过程中测量缅因州（包括其深层盆地）的当前表面和深度PCO2和pH。该研究将评估以下假设：北部海洋预测的二氧化碳升高将影响calanus物种的种群动态。 Using the results from the research cruise and a recently developed 1-D, Individual-Based life cycle model, the PI will explore in detail scenarios of impact of higher temperature and lower surface and deep pH on population dynamics of C. finmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine.Broader impacts: The lipid-rich Calanus species are considered key intermediary links between primary production and higher trophic levels in North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean food webs.较高的表面温度和较低的pH值对生殖成功的影响可能会导致北部海洋中层生态系统能量转移和结构的深刻变化。在缅因州的湾，Finmarchicus是鲱鱼，沙兰克和鲭鱼的主要猎物，以及濒临灭绝的北部右鲸，保证对海洋酸化对其种群动态的影响进行彻底评估。这项研究将为研究生和本科生实习生提供跨学科培训。数据将存放在公认的数据归档中心，并通过科学会议和同行评审的研究文章的演讲传播结果。公共宣传将作为缅因州研究所社区活动的一部分计划，包括与缅因州五年级和六年级的科恩互动学习中心相关的学习机会。