Collaborative Research: A High resolution Paleontological, Ichnological, and Chemostratigraphic Study of Late Devonian Mass Extinctions

合作研究：晚泥盆世大规模灭绝的高分辨率古生物学、技术学和化学地层学研究

• 批准号: 1348988
• 负责人: Gordon Love
• 金额: $ 20.6万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-01 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1348988&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; resolution; Paleontological; Ichnological

RUI, Collaborative Research: A High resolution Paleontological, Ichnological, and Chemostratigraphic Study of Late Devonian Mass ExtinctionsbyDiana Boyer, EAR-1348981, SUNY OswegoGordon Love, EAR-1348988, Univ. California, RiversideABSTRACTThe rock record preserves a detailed history of past events in life history, and understanding these events, particularly episodes of unusual biotic turnover, is of paramount importance, particularly in this time of our current diversity crises. There have been many large scale extinction events throughout geologic history, and despite extensive study, the Late Devonian mass extinction events in the Frasnian-Famennian still remain enigmatic in terms of a causal mechanism. Although numerous kill mechanisms have been proposed, marine anoxia is widely thought to be a major contributing factor, in part because of the pervasiveness of organic-rich black shale. This study will test for extensive anoxic and/or pervasive euxinic (sulfidic water column) conditions associated with several biotic turnover events preserved in a Laurentian basin. PIs will use an integrated paleontological, inorganic geochemical, and lipid biomarker approach performed at high spatial resolution to reconstruct secular changes in ancient microbial and metazoan source organism inputs, and marine redox structure in these ancient epeiric seaways. They will test for a correlation between the magnitude and timing of extinction events and patterns of oxygen and euxinic stress which prevailed.The utility of combining paleontological and geochemical proxies to recognize bottom water oxygen levels on a fine-scale in black shale facies has been realized (Boyer et al., 2011), but not yet applied to understand the dynamics of major events in the history of life. The new light we are shedding on Late Devonian biospheric and environmental evolution in North America will inform and direct future work in biogeochemistry, paleontology/paleobiology, evolutionary biology, and ocean-atmosphere evolution. Central to this research is a unique bridging of organic and inorganic geochemical methods with paleontology within a broad field-based template to yield high-resolution bio- and chemostratigraphic records that span the Late Devonian mass extinction events and their aftermath. At the heart of this research proposal is the training and education of a group of talented graduate, undergraduate and K-12 school students in the geosciences at UCR and SUNY Oswego, many from underrepresented ethnic groups, through a combination of direct involvement in the research project or through a variety of outreach ventures.

RUI，合作研究：晚泥盆世大规模灭绝的高分辨率古生物学、技术学和化学地层学研究，戴安娜·博耶 (Diana Boyer)，EAR-1348981，纽约州立大学奥斯威戈分校戈登·洛夫 (Gordon Love)，EAR-1348988，大学。加利福尼亚州河滨摘要岩石记录保存了生命史上过去事件的详细历史，了解这些事件，特别是不寻常的生物更替事件，至关重要，特别是在我们当前面临多样性危机的时期。整个地质史上发生过许多大规模的灭绝事件，尽管进行了广泛的研究，但晚泥盆世的弗拉斯尼-法门纪大规模灭绝事件在因果机制方面仍然是个谜。 尽管已经提出了多种杀伤机制，但海洋缺氧被广泛认为是一个主要影响因素，部分原因是富含有机物的黑色页岩的普遍存在。这项研究将测试与劳伦盆地保存的几个生物周转事件相关的广泛缺氧和/或普遍的常氧（含硫水柱）条件。 PI 将使用在高空间分辨率下执行的综合古生物学、无机地球化学和脂质生物标记方法来重建古代微生物和后生动物源生物输入的长期变化，以及这些古代海道中的海洋氧化还原结构。他们将测试灭绝事件的幅度和时间与盛行的氧气和外生胁迫模式之间的相关性。结合古生物学和地球化学指标来识别黑色页岩相中精细尺度的底层水氧气水平的实用性已经实现（Boyer et al., 2011），但尚未应用于理解生命史上重大事件的动态。我们对北美晚泥盆世生物圈和环境演化的新认识将为生物地球化学、古生物学/古生物学、进化生物学和海洋大气演化方面的未来工作提供信息和指导。这项研究的核心是在一个广泛的基于现场的模板中将有机和无机地球化学方法与古生物学相结合，以产生跨越晚泥盆世大规模灭绝事件及其后果的高分辨率生物和化学地层记录。这项研究计划的核心是通过直接参与研究的方式，对加州大学河滨分校和纽约州立大学奥斯威戈分校一群才华横溢的地球科学研究生、本科生和 K-12 学生进行培训和教育，他们中的许多人来自代表性不足的族裔群体项目或通过各种外展活动。