Comparative Functional Genomics of Nectaries and Nectar in the Dicots

双子叶植物蜜腺和花蜜的比较功能基因组学

• 批准号: 1339246
• 负责人: Clay Carter
• 金额: $ 181.46万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-02-01 至 2020-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1339246&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Comparative; Functional; Genomics; Nectaries; Nectar

PI: Clay J. Carter (University of Minnesota-Twin Cities)CoPIs: Robert W. Thornburg and Basil J. Nikolau (Iowa State University) and Marshall W. Hampton (University of Minnesota-Duluth)Collaborators: Martin Heil (CINESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico) and Patrick von Aderkas (University of Victoria, Canada)One-third of all crop species produce floral nectar and are dependent on animals for reproduction. Moreover, crops such as cotton, bean, pea, apple, cherry, peach, and blueberry, all produce extrafloral nectar to attract mutualistic predatory insects, which protect plants from herbivores. U.S. pollinator-dependent crops alone have an annual value of nearly $25 billion, and extrafloral nectar represents one of the few defense mechanisms for which stable effects on plant health and fitness have been demonstrated. This project will employ genomics technologies to study the molecular mechanisms involved in the synthesis and secretion of nectar components across species and nectary types. If successful, this project will provide significant new insight into these processes and the plant-animal interactions mediated by specific nectar components that will allow targeted studies to improve overall pollination efficiency, enhance biological control of pests that attack crops, and have the potential to greatly impact apiculture. With regard to outreach and training, the project will provide interdisciplinary research training for students and postdoctoral associates. Project graduate students at Iowa State University will also serve as GK12 Fellows in GK12 Symbi program (http://www.gk12.iastate.edu/). Supported by NSF, the Symbi program is a partnership between ISU and middle schools and high schools that serve primarily under-represented students in the Des Moines Public School District. GK12 Fellows will serve as "resident scientists" who will work with teachers to develop innovative, hands-on and engaging science activities for select middle school or high school science students. Finally, the project will also provide research experiences for high school students from Cornell High School (Cornell, Wisconsin). The central hypothesis driving the project is that the genetic programs underlying nectar synthesis, secretion and function are at least partially conserved between diverse species and nectary types. To address this hypothesis, the project will apply comparative genomics approaches to the characterization of the (i) synthesis, (ii) secretion and (iii) biological function of nectar components across a diverse set of core eudicots, including Brassica sp., cotton, tobacco, squash, Lima bean, and acacia. The specific objectives and approaches include:1. Comparative expression profiling of nectaries throughout the secretory process. Both the floral and extrafloral nectary transcriptomes and proteomes of the respective species will be examined at several time points throughout the secretory process;2. Comparative metabolomics of nectars. Nectar metabolites will be comprehensively characterized through a non-biased GC-GC/MS-MS and LC/MS-MS approach;3. Comparative and functional analysis of nectar proteins. Specific arrays of proteins have been reported in several nectars, which confer both protective and attractive properties. Thus, the proteomes of both floral and extrafloral nectars will be defined and functionally characterized across species.; and, 4. Informatics, database building & initiation of mechanistic studies. Mining of global expression data from actively secreting vs. inactive nectaries will allow the identification of genes and cellular processes central to the basal pathways for active nectar secretion across species. Metabolomic data will be linked to activities identified from expression data to assess their impacts on nectar production and composition. All validated data will subsequently be integrated into an existing public online database (www.nectarygenomics.org), with subsets of data also being made available to the public at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and the iPlant Collaborative (www.iplantcollaborative.org).

PI：CLAY J. CARTER（明尼苏达大学 - 两国城市）COPIS：Robert W. Thornburg和Basil J. Nikolau（爱荷华州立大学）和Marshall W. Hampton（明尼苏达州 - 杜卢斯大学）合作者：Martin Heil（Martin Heil（Martin）花蜜，取决于动物的繁殖。此外，棉花，豆类，豌豆，苹果，樱桃，桃子和蓝莓等农作物都会产生秋季花蜜，以吸引互动的掠食性昆虫，从而保护植物免受食草动物的侵害。仅美国传粉媒介的农作物的年价值近250亿美元，而外部花蜜代表了对植物健康和健身稳定影响的少数国防机制之一。该项目将采用基因组技术来研究跨物种和蜜蜂类型的花蜜成分合成和分泌的分子机制。如果成功的话，该项目将为这些过程以及由特定的花蜜组件介导的植物动物相互作用提供重大的新见解，这些植物与动物的相互作用将允许有针对性的研究提高整体授粉效率，增强对作物攻击作物的PEST的生物学控制，并有可能极大地影响养蜂。 关于宣传和培训，该项目将为学生和博士后员工提供跨学科的研究培训。爱荷华州立大学的项目研究生还将在GK12 Symbi计划（http://www.gk12.iastate.edu/）中担任GK12研究员。在NSF的支持下，Symbi计划是ISU与中学和高中之间的合作伙伴关系，这些伙伴关系主要为得梅因公立学区的主要代表性学生提供服务。 GK12研究员将担任“常驻科学家”，他们将与老师合作，​​为精选的中学或高中科学专业的学生开发创新，动手和引人入胜的科学活动。 最后，该项目还将为康奈尔高中（威斯康星州康奈尔）的高中学生提供研究经验。 推动该项目的中心假设是，分泌，分泌和功能的遗传程序至少在各种物种和蜜蜂类型之间至少部分保存。为了解决这一假设，该项目将采用比较基因组学方法来表征（i）合成，（ii）分泌和（iii）花蜜成分的生物学功能，包括各种核心eudicots，包括甘蓝，棉花，棉花，烟草，烟草，南瓜，利马豆和acacia。特定目标和方法包括：1。在整个分泌过程中，蜜饯的比较表达分析。在整个分泌过程中，都将在几个时间点检查各种物种的花卉和外向蜜蜂转录组和蛋白质组织； 2。花蜜的比较代谢组学。花蜜代谢物将通过无偏的GC-GC/MS-MS和LC/MS-MS方法进行全面表征； 3。花蜜蛋白的比较和功能分析。在几种花蜜中已经报道了特定的蛋白质阵列，这些花蜜赋予了保护性和有吸引力的特性。因此，将在物种之间定义并在功能上定义并在功能上进行表征。和4。信息学，数据库构建和机械研究的启动。从积极分泌与非活性的蜜饯中挖掘全球表达数据将允许鉴定基础途径中心的基因和细胞过程，以跨物种进行活性花蜜分泌。代谢组数据将与从表达数据确定的活动相关联，以评估其对花蜜生产和组成的影响。 All validated data will subsequently be integrated into an existing public online database (www.nectarygenomics.org), with subsets of data also being made available to the public at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and the iPlant Collaborative (www.iplantcollaborative.org).

项目成果

An integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis of the Cucurbita pepo nectary implicates key modules of primary metabolism involved in nectar synthesis and secretion

• DOI: 10.1002/pld3.120
• 发表时间: 2019-02-01
• 期刊: PLANT DIRECT
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Solhaug, Erik M.;Roy, Rahul;Carter, Clay J.
• 通讯作者: Carter, Clay J.

Carbohydrate Metabolism and Signaling in Squash Nectaries and Nectar Throughout Floral Maturation

• DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00470
• 发表时间: 2019-08-01
• 期刊: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Solhaug, Erik M.;Johnson, Elizabeth;Carter, Clay J.
• 通讯作者: Carter, Clay J.

Review: Nectar biology: From molecules to ecosystems

• DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.012
• 发表时间: 2017-09-01
• 期刊: PLANT SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Roy, Rahul;Schmitt, Anthony J.;Carter, Clay J.
• 通讯作者: Carter, Clay J.

A Role for GIBBERELLIN 2-OXIDASE6 and Gibberellins in Regulating Nectar Production

赤霉素 2-氧化酶 6 和赤霉素在调节花蜜生产中的作用

• DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.12.019
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Molecular Plant
• 影响因子: 27.5
• 作者: Wiesen, Lisa B.;Bender, Ricci L.;Paradis, Travis;Larson, Alexie;Perera, M. Ann D.N.;Nikolau, Basil J.;Olszewski, Neil E.;Carter, Clay J.
• 通讯作者: Carter, Clay J.