Functional Genomics of Nectar Production in Brassicaceae

十字花科花蜜生产的功能基因组学

• 批准号: 0820730
• 负责人: Clay Carter
• 金额: $ 133.63万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota Duluth
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0820730&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Functional; Genomics; Nectar; Production; Brassicaceae

An organ known as the floral nectary is responsible for producing nectar in many plant families. Despite its central role in plant pollination, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms of nectar synthesis and secretion. Indeed, no genes have been shown to directly affect the production or quality of floral nectar. The overall goal of this project is to identify key genes and cellular processes required for nectar production in the agriculturally important Brassicaceae family. In previous studies, seventy genes from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana were shown to be expressed at greater than 10-fold higher levels in nectaries than in all other tissues examined. The roles these genes play in nectar production will be systematically examined in both Arabidopsis and Brassica rapa (oilseed rape) through gene knockout and overexpression studies. Mutant plants will be subjected to thorough phenotypic characterization that includes evaluation of nectary morphology and ultrastructure, global changes in gene expression within nectaries, and overall impacts on nectar volume and composition. It is expected that these studies will provide new insight into the genes and pathways required for nectar production in plants. BROADER IMPACTSDetermining the molecular basis of nectar production can have enormous impacts on U.S. agriculture, ranging from increasing yields in a wide range of pollinator-dependent crop species to targeted improvements of apiculture. Each year approximately 1.5 million acres of Brassica rapa and related oilseed crops are planted in the U.S. alone. Significantly, B. rapa is almost entirely dependent on the efficient attraction of pollinators to achieve maximal yields. Indeed, poor pollinator visitation can cut yields of Brassica oilseed, as well as unrelated crop species, in half. The long term goals of this project are to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of nectar production in the agriculturally important Brassicaceae family, and how this understanding can be translated into higher yields in multiple crop species. In addition, this project will provide significant research experiences and educational opportunities to a large number of undergraduate students at the University of Minnesota - Duluth, a primarily undergraduate institution. A detailed description and results derived from this project can be readily viewed at http://www.d.umn.edu/~cjcarter/carterlab.html. Microarray data will be deposited at GEO, gene annotations at TAIR, and metabolomics data will be integrated into the metabolomics database developed at Iowa State University (http://www.plantmetabolomics.org). Seed stocks will be available through the project and through the ABRC (http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/pcmb/Facilities/abrc/index.html).

一种称为花蜜蜂的器官负责在许多植物家庭中产生蜜饯。尽管它在植物授粉中具有核心作用，但对花蜜合成和分泌的分子机制知之甚少。实际上，尚无基因直接影响花蜜的产生或质量。该项目的总体目标是确定农业重要的胸肌家族中花蜜生产所需的关键基因和细胞过程。在先前的研究中，与所检查的所有其他组织相比，蜜蜂中的70个基因的拟南芥的植物拟南芥的表达高于10倍以上。 这些基因在花蜜生产中发挥的作用将在拟南芥和甘蓝铜（Brassica Rapa）（强奸油籽）中通过基因敲除和过表达研究进行系统检查。突变植物将受到彻底的表型表征，包括评估蜜蜂形态和超微结构，蜜蜂内基因表达的全球变化以及对花蜜体积和成分的总体影响。预计这些研究将为植物中的花蜜生产所需的基因和途径提供新的见解。更广泛的影响分子生产的分子基础可能会对美国的农业产生巨大影响，范围从广泛依赖于授粉媒介的农作物物种的产量提高到有针对性的养殖养殖。仅在美国就种植了大约150万英亩的甘蓝植物和相关的油菜作物。值得注意的是，Rapa几乎完全取决于传粉媒介的有效吸引力以达到最大产量。实际上，不良的传粉媒介参观可以减少一半的甘蓝木料和无关的农作物物种的产量。 该项目的长期目标是阐明农业重要的胸肌家族中花蜜生产的基本机制，以及如何将这种理解转化为多种农作物物种的较高产量。 此外，该项目将为明尼苏达大学 - 德卢斯大学（University of Minnesota -Duluth）的大量本科生提供重要的研究经验和教育机会。可以在http://www.d.umn.edu/~cjcarter/carterlab.html上很容易地查看从该项目获得的详细说明和结果。 微阵列数据将存放在GEO，TAIR的基因注释中，代谢组学数据将集成到爱荷华州立大学（http://www.plantmetmetmetabolomics.org）开发的代谢组学数据库中。 种子库存将通过项目和ABRC（http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/pcmb/facilities/abrc/index.html）获得。