Evolution and Domestication of Core Eudicot Defense Mechanisms against a Common Generalist Pathogen

针对常见通用病原体的核心双子叶植物防御机制的进化和驯化

• 批准号: 1339125
• 负责人: Daniel Kliebenstein
• 金额: $ 134.22万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1339125&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolution; Domestication; Core; Eudicot; Defense

Plant defense variation studies typically focus on single large effect genes within a host or specialist pathogen that interact only with each other. However, resistance to most generalist pathogens is quantitative and cannot be investigated using few genotypically distinct individuals. This project will begin one of the first direct surveys of how genomic diversity within and across core plant lineages may be shaped by genomic diversity in a broad spectrum generalist fungus that can infect most if not all plants. This will lead to the development of novel biological and statistical methods to handle genomic diversity across phylogenetic lineages and provide a unique multi-plant species dataset that is currently only feasible with Botrytis cincerea. All data and analysis protocols will be publicly available and microbial isolates will be available upon request pending the acquisition of the appropriate permits. With regard to training, the project will provide research opportunities for high school, undergraduate, and graduate students. These students will be trained in modern quantitative genetics of complex traits to prepare them for future careers in industry or academics. As this is the one of the first instances of attempting to do quantitative genetics in two interacting species, this will place them at the forefront of the field in both theory and computational applications. Undergraduates will develop and devise their own projects within the frame of this project. Any publication resulting from this research will likely include at least one undergraduate student as a co-author who was integral in designing and interpreting the experiments. In addition, the principal investigator will be involved in teaching, both in a university classroom setting and in ongoing outreach efforts to educate community members about plant metabolism, plant defense evolution, and quantitative genomics. Plant/pathogen interactions determine plants fitness/yield. Most research on plant/pathogen interactions focuses on epidemic diseases from pathogens that infect only one or a few species similar to the human flu. However, this has led to a paucity of research on pathogens that are endemic, like Botrytis cinerea or the common cold, which can infect most host genotypes but only cause a low level of economic loss. These generalist pathogens place evolutionary pressure across plant lineages, yet this cross-lineage pressure is rarely systematically addressed. For example, it is currently not known if there is a common plant defense network against these generalist pathogens that can function in all plants. To test this question, this project aims to: 1) measure lesion development with a high-throughput platform across six plant species that have independently undergone domestication (lettuce, tomato, grape, soy and Brassicas) with 100 genome sequenced isolates of the pathogen, Botrytis cinerea; 2) use the genome wide association mapping dataset to identify pathogenicity networks within the pathogen that allow it to infect these diverse hosts; 3) identify and validate plant gene targets of these networks using a new co-species co-expression network approach to test if the pathogen targets defense mechanisms that are conserved or variant across plants and if these defense mechanisms have been affected by human driven domestication; and 4) conduct transcriptome profiling across these plant/pathogen combinations to identify conserved or variant transcriptional responses across the eudicot lineages. By including domestic and wild genotypes in each plant species this project will provide a common reference frame in which to study how domestication may or may not consistently influence plant defenses. In the longer term, this information will provide for a better understanding of how selection pressures drive the evolution of defenses within eudicot lineages towards generalist pathogens.

植物防御变异研究通常集中于仅相互作用的宿主或专业病原体中的单个大作用基因。但是，对大多数通才病原体的耐药性是定量的，不能使用很少的基因型不同个体进行研究。该项目将开始对核心植物谱系内部和整个核心植物谱系内基因组多样性的第一次直接调查之一，这可能会在广泛的综合型真菌中受基因组多样性的影响，而基因组多样性可以感染大多数植物（如果不是全部）。这将导致开发新型的生物学和统计方法，以处理系统发育谱系的基因组多样性，并提供独特的多植物物种数据集，目前仅与辛切利（Botrytis Cincerea）可行。 所有数据和分析协议都将公开可用，并且在要求获得适当许可证之前，将在要求时获得微生物隔离株。 关于培训，该项目将为高中，本科生和研究生提供研究机会。这些学生将接受复杂特征的现代定量遗传学培训，以准备未来的行业或学者职业。由于这是尝试在两个相互作用物种中进行定量遗传学的最早实例之一，因此这将使它们在理论和计算应用中都处于领域的最前沿。本科生将在该项目的框架内开发并设计自己的项目。这项研究产生的任何出版物都可能包括至少一名本科生作为合着者，他们在设计和解释实验中是不可或缺的。此外，首席研究人员将参与教学，包括大学课堂环境，以及正在进行的外展工作，以教育社区成员有关植物代谢，植物防御进化和定量基因组学的教育。植物/病原体相互作用决定了植物适应性/产量。关于植物/病原体相互作用的大多数研究都集中在病原体的流行病上，这些病原体仅感染与人类流感类似的一种或几种物种。但是，这导致对流行病的病原体的研究很少，例如辣椒粉或普通感冒，它们会感染大多数宿主基因型，但仅会导致经济损失水平较低。这些通才病原体在植物谱系上施加进化压力，但是这种交叉压力很少是系统地解决的。例如，目前尚不清楚是否存在针对这些通才病原体可以在所有植物中起作用的通用植物防御网络。为了测试这个问题，该项目的目的是：1）在六个植物物种中使用高通量平台测量病变的发育，这些植物具有独立驯化（生菜，番茄，葡萄，大豆，大豆和铜铜）的独立植物，并通过100个基因组测序的病原体分离株，即辣椒丁香； 2）使用基因组宽的关联映射数据集识别病原体内的致病性网络，使其能够感染这些不同的宿主； 3）使用新的共同种种共表达网络方法来识别和验证这些网络的植物基因靶标，以测试病原体靶向在植物之间保守或变体的防御机制以及是否受到人类驱动的驯化影响这些防御机制； 4）在这些植物/病原体组合之间进行转录组分析，以鉴定跨Eudicot谱系的保守或变异转录反应。通过在每种植物物种中包括国内和野生基因型，该项目将提供一个共同的参考框架，在该植物中，研究驯化可能会或可能不会持续影响植物防御能力。从长远来看，此信息将更好地理解选择压力如何推动Eudicot谱系中防御能力的演变向通才病原体。