Collaborative Research: Adaptable life history strategy of a migratory large predator in response to El Nino and climate change

合作研究：大型迁徙捕食者应对厄尔尼诺和气候变化的适应性生活史策略

• 批准号: 1338973
• 负责人: William Gilly
• 金额: $ 12.37万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1338973&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Adaptable; life; history

This project will examine the response of Dosidicus gigas (Humboldt squid) to an El Niño event in 2009-2010 that was accompanied by a collapse of the commercial fishery for this squid in the Guaymas Basin within the Gulf of California. This large squid is a major predator of great ecological and economic importance in the Gulf of California, the California Current, and Peru Current systems. In early 2010, these squid abandoned their normal coastal-shelf habitats in the Guaymas Basin and instead were found in the Salsipuedes Basin to the north, an area buffered from the effects of El Niño by the upwelling of colder water. The commercial fishery also relocated to this region and large squid were not found in the Guaymas Basin from 2010-2012, instead animals that matured at an unusually small size and young age were abundant. A return to the large size-at-maturity condition has still not occurred, despite the apparent return of normal oceanographic conditions. The El Niño of 2009-2010 presented an unforeseen opportunity to reveal an important feature of adaptability of Dosidicus gigas to an acute climatic anomaly, namely a large decrease in size and age at maturity. Now these investigators will have the opportunity to document recovery to the normal large size-at-maturity condition. The specific aims of this project are: 1) continue a program of acoustic surveys and direct sampling of squid that has already been established in the Gulf of California in order to assess distribution, biomass, life history strategy diet, and migratory and foraging behaviors relative to pre-El Niño conditions and 2) conduct analogous surveys in Monterey Bay, California in conjunction with long-term remote operated vehicle surveys of squid abundance. The data from these studies will provide a comparison of recovery in the two different squid populations and yield valuable insights into what ecological effects an area is expected to experience with an invasion of either small or large Humboldt squid. As long-term climate change progresses, squid of both forms may expand northward into the California Current System.Training will be provided for participating graduate and undergraduate students and an established collaboration will be continued with a technical college in Mexico that involves Mexican undergraduates in local sampling and developing public outreach aimed at the local squid fishing community. Squid abundance (biomass) and foraging (diet) data will be incorporated into NOAA fishery-management models being developed for Humboldt squid. Findings of the project concerning El Niño, climate change, and squid fisheries will be incorporated into an established outreach program with NOAA (Squids4Kids), the Google Science Fair Science Hangouts program, and a NEH Summer Institute on John Steinbeck at Hopkins Marine Station. The investigators will continue to contribute exhibits being developed on squid at both the Monterey Bay Aquarium and Hatfield Marine Science Center.

该项目将研究2009 - 2010年在2009 - 2010年对厄尔尼诺现象的辅助剂的反应，该事件伴随着加利福尼亚海湾内瓜伊斯盆地的商业渔业崩溃。这种大鱿鱼是加利福尼亚湾，加利福尼亚当前和秘鲁当前系统的重要生态和经济重要性的主要捕食者。在2010年初，这些鱿鱼放弃了瓜伊马斯盆地的正常沿海栖息地，而是在北部的萨尔西普德斯盆地中发现的，这是由于较冷的水的上升而从厄尔尼诺现象缓冲的区域。从2010年至2012年，在瓜伊马斯盆地中找不到大鱿鱼的商业渔业，而是在大小异常小，年轻的动物中很丰富。尽管海洋学条件明显返回，但仍未发生重新恢复到整个成熟条件。 2009 - 2010年的厄尔尼诺现象提供了一个无法预见的机会，可以揭示Dosidicus Gigas对急性气候异常的适应性的重要特征，即成熟时的大小和年龄大大降低。现在，这些调查人员将有机会记录恢复到正常的成熟度大小。该项目的具体目的是：1）继续在加利福尼亚海湾建立的声学调查和直接取样鱿鱼，以评估与前elNiño条件相对于蒙特利（Monterey Bay）的分类，与前ElNiño条件相比，相对于前elNiño条件的分布，生物量，生命历史策略饮食以及相对于前ElNiño条件的迁移和觅食行为与近距离近距离进行了近距离竞争，以进行近距离运作。这些研究的数据将提供两者中恢复的比较。不同的鱿鱼种群，并就预期的小型或大型洪堡鱿鱼的侵入而产生的生态影响产生了宝贵的见解。随着长期气候变化的进展，两种形式的鱿鱼可能向北扩展到加利福尼亚当前的系统。将为参与研究生和本科生提供培训，并将继续与墨西哥的一所技术学院继续进行既定的合作，涉及墨西哥本科生，该学院涉及墨西哥本科生，从事当地抽样和开发针对当地鱿鱼钓鱼社区的公共公开范围。鱿鱼抽象（生物量）和觅食（饮食）数据将纳入为Humboldt Squid开发的NOAA渔业管理模型。有关厄尔尼诺，气候变化和鱿鱼渔业的项目的调查结果将与NOAA（Squids4Kids），Google Science Science Fair Science Hangouts计划以及Hopkins Marine Sation的John John Steinbeck的NEH Summer Institute一起纳入既定的外展计划。调查人员将继续在蒙特雷湾水族馆和哈特菲尔德海洋科学中心在鱿鱼上开发展览。