Collaborative Research: Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association: Turning Disaster Into Knowledge

合作研究：岩土极端事件勘察 (GEER) 协会：将灾难转化为知识

• 批准号: 1266418
• 负责人: Jonathan Bray
• 金额: $ 41.57万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1266418&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Geotechnical; Extreme; Events

Documenting and learning from observations from "extreme events" are invaluable to advancing the state-of-art in multi-hazards engineering. Recorded observations serve as benchmarks to our understanding of the effects of these events, their underlying causative mechanisms, and for validation of design procedures. Capturing the key lessons learned from extreme events constitutes an important task for advancing research in geotechnical engineering, because many of the profession's design procedures are based on empirical methods that require re-evaluation as important case histories emerge. The NSF-sponsored Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association organizes and supports reconnaissance efforts by geotechnical researchers and develops techniques to capture perishable data to learn from these events. The primary objectives of GEER include documenting geotechnical effects of important extreme events to advance research, employing innovative technologies for post-event reconnaissance, and advancing the capabilities of individuals performing research based on field observations. Much of the data generated by extreme events is perishable and therefore must be collected soon after the event. The challenge is to develop the most effective means for documenting the results of a full-scale experiment that has occurred without much warning, if any. Since 2006, GEER has successfully documented the geotechnical effects of 19 extreme events, including Hurricane Gustav in 2008, the 2011 Lower Mississippi River Floods, and the recent earthquakes in Haiti, Chile, New Zealand, and Japan. Many GEER reconnaissance efforts have led to funded research projects, demonstrating that GEER reconnaissance efforts are identifying important research issues that can lead to advancements in science and engineering. Many of the innovative techniques employed in recent reconnaissance efforts, such as the utilization of GoogleEarthTM, GPS devices, remote sensing, and LIDAR, were initiated by GEER members. GEER is well positioned to make similar further advancements with respect to the use of new technology and communication approaches in reconnaissance.This award provides funds for continuation of GEER activities to enable quick, responsive geotechnical investigations of natural and human-made disasters. It is expected that two to four investigations of moderate-sized events would be conducted each year. If a large event occurs, GEER would recommend funding of a RAPID to an identified GEER team to respond effectively to this larger event. Unfortunately, extreme events will happen. It would be even more unfortunate if the engineering profession did not capture the perishable data that enables it to understand which design procedures result in good seismic performance and which procedures still need improvement. GEER with its willing geo-professional participants will help turn disasters into knowledge.

记录“极端事件”的观察结果并从中学习对于推进多灾害工程的最新技术具有无价的价值。 记录的观察结果可以作为我们理解这些事件的影响、其潜在致病机制以及验证设计程序的基准。 从极端事件中汲取重要教训是推进岩土工程研究的一项重要任务，因为该专业的许多设计程序都是基于经验方法，随着重要案例的出现，需要重新评估。 由 NSF 赞助的岩土极端事件勘察 (GEER) 协会组织并支持岩土研究人员的勘察工作，并开发捕获易腐烂数据的技术，以便从这些事件中学习。 GEER 的主要目标包括记录重要极端事件的岩土工程影响以推进研究、采用创新技术进行事件后勘察以及提高个人基于现场观测进行研究的能力。 极端事件产生的大部分数据都容易消失，因此必须在事件发生后立即收集。 我们面临的挑战是开发最有效的方法来记录在没有太多警告（如果有的话）的情况下进行的全面实验的结果。 自 2006 年以来，GEER 已成功记录了 19 起极端事件的岩土工程影响，包括 2008 年的古斯塔夫飓风、2011 年密西西比河下游洪水以及最近在海地、智利、新西兰和日本发生的地震。 许多 GEER 勘察工作都获得了资助的研究项目，这表明 GEER 勘察工作正在确定可以促进科学和工程进步的重要研究问题。 最近的侦察工作中采用的许多创新技术，例如 GoogleEarthTM、GPS 设备、遥感和激光雷达的使用，都是由 GEER 成员发起的。 GEER 处于有利地位，可以在勘察中使用新技术和通信方法方面取得类似的进一步进步。该奖项为继续开展 GEER 活动提供资金，以实现对自然和人为灾害的快速、响应迅速的岩土工程调查。 预计每年将对中等规模的事件进行两到四次调查。 如果发生大型事件，GEER 将建议向指定的 GEER 团队提供 RAPID 资金，以有效应对这一大型事件。不幸的是，极端事件将会发生。 如果工程专业没有捕获易逝的数据，使其能够了解哪些设计程序可以带来良好的抗震性能以及哪些程序仍需要改进，那将是更不幸的。 GEER 及其愿意的地理专业参与者将帮助将灾难转化为知识。