Earthquake Surface Fault Rupture Interaction with Building Foundations

地震地表断层破裂与建筑地基的相互作用

• 批准号: 0926473
• 负责人: Jonathan Bray
• 金额: $ 29.78万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0926473&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Earthquake; Surface; Fault; Rupture; Interaction

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). The effects of earthquake surface fault rupture on building foundations are investigated in this research with the goals of developing sound analytical procedures for evaluating the hazard, providing guidance regarding effective design concepts for buildings that are built near active faults, and advancing promising ground improvement techniques for mitigating this hazard. Recent earthquakes have provided numerous examples of the devastating effects of earthquake surface fault rupture on structures. Several major cities are built in areas containing active faults that can break the ground surface (e.g., Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco, and Seattle). Along with the often spectacular observations of damage, examples of satisfactory performance of structures have been observed. These examples of satisfactory performance indicate that similar to other forms of ground failure, effective design strategies can be developed to address the hazards associated with surface fault rupture. A rational analytical, design, and mitigation framework for addressing the surface fault rupture hazard is required.This research focuses on evaluating the responses of different building foundations at sandy soil sites with different relative densities and thicknesses that are subjected to reverse or normal fault movements. The surface fault rupture problem is investigated as a soil-structure-interaction phenomenon using the explicit finite difference method with the nonlinear effective stress UBC-SAND soil model. Well-documented field case histories and two comprehensive centrifuge studies are being used to gain insight and to establish benchmarks for the analysis. After calibrating the analytical model, a comprehensive numerical investigation of the effects of earthquake surface fault rupture on building foundations is performed. Several promising mitigation techniques are also being explored. The analytical results will provide both fundamental insights and practice-oriented recommendations.Several government agencies and professional committees are re-examining existing policies or developing new policies to address the surface fault rupture hazard. Advancements in surface fault rupture hazard mitigation lag behind those for other forms of ground failure, because of the overreliance on avoidance. However, not all faults can be avoided, and not all faults require strict avoidance if mitigation techniques can be shown to be effective in handling the ground deformation associated with minor fault movements. Effective mitigation and design procedures are required, and their use requires robust analytical procedures. The results of this research project meet a critical need in society by helping engineers and urban planners address this hazard. Additionally, due the complexity of the phenomena, important advances in the understanding of the failure of soil and of soil-structure-interaction are being made.

该奖项是根据2009年《美国复苏与再投资法》（公法111-5）资助的。在这项研究中，研究了地震表面断层破裂对建筑基础的影响，其目标是开发可靠的分析程序来评估危险，为建筑物建造的有效设计概念提供了指导，这些建筑物靠近有效的断层，并提高了有前途的地面改进技术，以实现减轻这种危害。最近的地震提供了许多地震表面断裂破裂对结构的毁灭性影响的例子。几个主要城市建在包含可能破坏地面的积极故障的地区（例如，洛杉矶，盐湖城，圣地亚哥，旧金山和西雅图）。除了经常对损害的壮观观察外，还观察到结构令人满意的实例。这些令人满意的性能的例子表明，与其他形式的地面故障相似，可以制定有效的设计策略来解决与表面断裂破裂相关的危害。需要一个理性的分析，设计和缓解框架来解决表面断裂破裂危险。本研究重点是评估不同建筑物基础在具有不同相对密度和厚度的不同建筑基础的响应，这些响应受到反向或正常断层运动的不同。使用非线性有效应力UBC-SAND土壤模型的显式有限差异方法研究表面断裂问题作为土壤结构交流现象。有据可查的现场病例历史和两项全面的离心机研究被用来获得洞察力并为分析建立基准。校准分析模型后，对地震表面断裂破裂对建筑物基础的影响进行了全面的数值研究。还正在探索几种有希望的缓解技术。分析结果将提供基本见解和面向实践的建议。几个政府机构和专业委员会正在重新审查现有政策或制定新的政策以解决表面断层破裂危险。由于对避免的过度依赖，因此表面断层破裂危害缓解危害缓解滞后的滞后滞后。但是，如果可以证明缓解技术可以有效处理与次要断层运动相关的地面变形，那么并非所有故障都可以避免，并且并非所有故障都需要严格避免。需要有效的缓解和设计程序，其使用需要强大的分析程序。该研究项目的结果通过帮助工程师和城市规划师解决这一危害来满足社会的关键需求。此外，由于现象的复杂性，正在理解土壤失败和土壤结构互动的重要进展。