Punishment Regimes and the Multi-Level Effects of Parental Imprisonment: Inter-Institutional, Inter-generational and Inter-sectional Models of Inequality and Exclusion

惩罚制度和父母监禁的多层次影响：不平等和排斥的机构间、代际和跨部门模型

• 批准号: 1228345
• 负责人: John Hagan
• 金额: $ 23.16万
• 依托单位: American Bar Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1228345&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Punishment; Regimes; Multi; Level; Effects

How do effects of high levels of incarceration of parents on their children vary across the U.S.? Research has not systematically examined variation in these effects with a comprehensive and representative national sample that allows analysis of variation across U.S states. This research will be the first to examine variation in effects of maternal and paternal incarceration using a research design that can jointly examine state and school level policies on children. The research will be based on data gathered since 1995 on adolescents who are now adults in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health [Add Health]. The research will apply a life course theory to examine potentially modifiable pathways from childhood to adolescence and early to middle adulthood, focusing on such well measured developmental factors as high school grades, delinquency, justice system contacts, depressed feelings, and substance use. The overarching thesis is that variable effects of parental imprisonment are experienced by youth transitioning into and through adulthood in American society. The approach is intergenerational in linking imprisoned parents to children; inter-institutional in connecting state punishment policies with local schools; and intersectional in differentiating outcomes along racial/ethnic and gender lines of inequality. The research is concerned with explaining early adult outcomes of inequality, including earnings, employment, financial strain, and perceived relative socio-economic position. The sample is a historically unique cohort of parents and children born during the peak growth years (the 1980s) of mass incarceration and surveyed four times during the expansion of American imprisonment. The project includes the following objectives: (1) develop measures of state punishment to be appended to the Add Health data; (2) test state punishment effects; (3) test school punishment policies and related school effects; and (4) test parental imprisonment effects.

在美国各地，父母的高监禁率对其子女的影响有何不同？ 研究尚未通过全面且具有代表性的全国样本来系统地检验这些影响的变化，从而可以分析美国各州的变化。这项研究将是第一个使用可以联合检查州和学校层面的儿童政策的研究设计来检查母亲和父亲监禁的影响的变化。 该研究将基于国家青少年健康纵向研究 [Add Health] 自 1995 年以来收集的现已成年的青少年的数据。 该研究将应用生命历程理论来研究从童年到青春期以及成年早期到中期的潜在可改变的途径，重点关注高中成绩、犯罪、司法系统接触、抑郁情绪和药物使用等经过严格衡量的发展因素。最重要的论点是，在美国社会中，青少年过渡到成年期时会经历父母监禁的不同影响。 这种方法是跨代的，将被监禁的父母与孩子联系起来；机构间将国家惩罚政策与当地学校联系起来；以及按照种族/族裔和性别不平等线区分结果的交叉性。该研究旨在解释不平等的早期成人后果，包括收入、就业、财务压力和感知的相对社会经济地位。 该样本是历史上独一无二的一群父母和孩子，他们出生在大规模监禁的高峰期（20 世纪 80 年代），并在美国监禁扩张期间接受了四次调查。 该项目包括以下目标：（1）制定国家处罚措施，附加到Add Health数据中； （2）检验国家处罚效果； （三）测试学校处罚政策及相关学校效果； (4) 测试父母监禁的影响。