Sleep Restriction and Circadian Mismatch Effects on Differential Decision Processes

睡眠限制和昼夜节律不匹配对差异决策过程的影响

• 批准号: 1229067
• 负责人: David Dickinson
• 金额: $ 40.56万
• 依托单位: Appalachian State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1229067&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Sleep; Restriction; Circadian; Mismatch; Effects

In our fast-paced world, people often find themselves making important decisions while sleepy. Current surveys indicate that tens of millions of Americans are considered sleep deprived and/or have occupations requiring some shift work. Fatigue can result from insufficient sleep or other factors. For example, some people are naturally more alert in the morning as opposed to the evening. The goal of this research is to examine how sleepiness or fatigue affects decision making. The decision-making process involves (at least) two systems: 1) an unconscious system that responds more automatically and without conscious thought, and 2) a deliberative system that makes "high-level" rational decisions. The investigators hypothesize that when individuals are sleepy, and therefore cognitive resources are compromised, the decisions a person makes will be more the result of automatic processes than deliberative ones, thereby saving mental effort. The investigators will conduct a controlled experimental study that manipulates individuals' sleep quantity as well as the time during the day that decisions are made. The project will test the hypothesis that decision rules that a person uses while sleepy are more automatic and less a product of high-level deliberation. This will also allow the investigators to evaluate whether decisions based on automatic processes are inherently worse than decisions based on more complex deliberative processes. In contrast, relying on automatic processes might lead to better decisions if more thoughtful deliberation makes people overthink the decision task. This research has the potential to significantly improve our understanding of how fatigue affects decision making in areas such as simple social interactions, the incorporation of new information into decisions, or the importance of how a choice is framed. This is especially critical in our modern society where decisions are often made while one is tired. In occupations like truck driving, air traffic control, medical professionals, and emergency services, poor decision making can cost lives.[Co-funded by Perception, Action and CognitionProgram and Decision, Risk and Management Sciences Program]

在我们快节奏的世界中，人们经常发现自己在困倦时做出重要的决定。 当前的调查表明，数以千计的美国人被视为剥夺睡眠和/或有需要改动工作的职业。 疲劳可能是由于睡眠不足或其他因素而导致的。例如，有些人自然会在早晨而不是晚上更加机敏。 这项研究的目的是检查嗜睡或疲劳如何影响决策。 决策过程涉及（至少）两个系统：1）一个无意识的系统，该系统自动反应更自动，没有意识思考，以及2）进行“高级”合理决策的审议系统。 调查人员假设，当个人困倦，因此认知资源受到损害时，一个人做出的决定将是自动过程的结果，而不是审议过程，从而节省了心理努力。研究人员将进行一项受控的实验研究，以操纵个人的睡眠数量以及做出决策的时间。 该项目将检验一个假设，即一个人在困倦时使用的决策规则更自动，而不是高级审议的产物。 这还将允许研究人员评估基于自动过程的决策是否本质上比基于更复杂的审议过程的决策更糟。 相比之下，如果更周到的审议使人们过度思考决策任务，那么依靠自动过程可能会带来更好的决策。 这项研究有可能显着提高我们对疲劳如何影响简单社交互动，将新信息纳入决策的领域的决策的理解，或者将选择的重要性纳入决策。 这在我们的现代社会中尤其重要，在我们的现代社会中，在一个人疲倦的时候通常会做出决定。 在卡车驾驶，空中交通管制，医疗专业人员和紧急服务等职业中，决策不良可能付出生命。