Ocean Acidification: Examining Impacts on Squid Paralarval Development, Behavior, and Survival

海洋酸化：检查对鱿鱼副幼体发育、行为和生存的影响

• 批准号: 1220034
• 负责人: Aran Mooney
• 金额: $ 58.71万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1220034&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ocean; Acidification; Examining; Impacts; Squid

Squid are often referred to as keystone species because of their central role in ocean ecosystems. They play vital roles in marine food webs both as prey for many of top predators such as seabirds, dolphins, sharks, and tunas, and as voracious predators of smaller, often deep-water (mesopelagic) fishes and invertebrates. Squid comprise a substantial fisheries resource, both directly as commercial and recreational fisheries, and indirectly as an important food source for many of the fishes consumed by a growing human population. Changes in squid abundances can dramatically impact the ecology of the ocean and fisheries yields. Despite the importance of squid to both ecosystems and economies, there has been little investigation of the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on these taxa. Impacts upon juvenile squid are a primary concern because: (i) early developmental stage animals are highly sensitive to environmental conditions and (ii) their successful early life history growth, behavior and survival are critical to founding future cohorts that support ecosystem food webs and global fisheries. The goal of this work is to quantify how OA conditions impact squid embryo and juvenile development, behavior, and survival. The studies will provide a mechanistic foundation for understanding potential impacts of OA on squid populations. Squid are dynamic organisms, which may now encounter high carbon dioxide and lower pH in areas of ocean upwelling, and measures of these environmental variables will be collected in this study. This research takes an extensive whole-organism approach to understanding OA impacts on squid by examining anatomy, physiology, and behavior of these animals at levels of environmental carbon dioxide and pH encompassing present-day and predicted, future values. These are the first tests to comprehensively examine OA impacts on squid. The experiments are timely in the context of changing ocean conditions, increased pressure on squid fisheries, and preliminary data showing potential OA impacts on squid. Understanding these effects will aid fisheries managers in estimating ecosystem and economic impacts in this and other cephalopod species. Information from this research will be used to engage and educate the general public, who are fascinated by squid biology, about ocean acidification through a summer seminar series at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The research team and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Communications Department will communicate findings from this study to journalists; interact with teachers about this work through existing fellowship programs; construct and convey education materials for grade-school children at a local science school; and develop a squid dissection module for high school teachers entitled "Squid have ears too!"

鱿鱼通常被称为基石物种，因为它们在海洋生态系统中的核心作用。他们在海洋食品网中扮演着至关重要的角色，既是海鸟，海豚，鲨鱼和金枪鱼等许多顶级捕食者的猎物，又是较小，深水（中端）鱼类和无脊椎动物的狂热捕食者。 鱿鱼构成了一种直接作为商业和休闲渔业的大量渔业资源，并间接地是许多人口所消耗的许多鱼类的重要食物来源。鱿鱼丰度的变化会极大地影响海洋和渔业的生态。 尽管鱿鱼对生态系统和经济体的重要性很重要，但对海洋酸化（OA）对这些分类单元的影响几乎没有研究。对少年鱿鱼的影响是主要问题，因为：（i）早期发育阶段动物对环境条件高度敏感，并且（ii）他们成功的早期生活历史的增长，行为和生存对于建立支持生态系统食品网和全球渔业的未来人群至关重要。这项工作的目的是量化OA条件如何影响鱿鱼胚胎和少年发育，行为和生存。这些研究将为理解OA对鱿鱼种群的潜在影响提供机械基础。鱿鱼是动态生物，现在可能遇到海洋上升区域的高二氧化碳和较低的pH值，在这项研究中将收集这些环境变量的测量。这项研究采用了广泛的全生物方法来理解OA对鱿鱼的影响，通过检查这些动物在环境二氧化碳和pH水平上的解剖学，生理和行为，包括当今和预测的未来价值。这些是第一个全面检查OA对鱿鱼的影响的测试。在改变海洋条件，增加鱿鱼渔业压力的情况下，这些实验是及时的，并在初步数据中显示了OA对鱿鱼的潜在影响。 了解这些影响将有助于渔业经理估计该和其他头足类物种的生态系统和经济影响。这项研究的信息将用于吸引和教育普通大众，这些公众对Squid Biology着迷的公众通过在伍兹霍尔海洋学机构的夏季研讨会系列中介绍了海洋酸化。研究小组和伍兹孔海洋传播部将向记者传达发现的发现；通过现有奖学金计划与老师互动这项工作；在当地的科学学校为年级儿童建造并传达教育材料；并为高中老师开发鱿鱼解剖模块，标题为“鱿鱼也有耳朵！”