Coral Chorus: The Role of Soundscapes in Coral Reef Larval Recruitment and Biodiversity

珊瑚合唱团：声景在珊瑚礁幼虫招募和生物多样性中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
1536782
负责人：
Aran Mooney
金额：
$ 89.02万
依托单位：
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-11-01 至 2020-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1536782&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Coral Chorus Role Soundscapes Reef

项目摘要

Coral reef ecosystems host some of the highest biodiversity of life per unit area on Earth and harbor about one quarter to one third of all marine animals. Reef-associated animals are a major source of protein for millions of people, and reefs offer shoreline protection and provide a significant source of tourism revenue, especially in developing countries. Factors that influence supply and settlement of young (larval) fish, coral, and associated animals can have large impacts on reef ecosystem and population structure, and learning more about these can help improve understanding of how to maintain the benefits provided by coral reefs. This study will lead to a detailed, mechanistic understanding of how young larvae use natural sounds to orient toward, locate, and select preferred settlement habitat. The approach will combine detailed field measurements and experiments to isolate key soundscape variables that impact coral reef larvae. The results will be broadly distributed to the scientific community and the public through open-access articles, media releases, blogs and website updates. Graduate and undergraduate students will be directly involved in all aspects of the research and outreach. This project will leverage a skilled communications department, the Cape Cod summer community, a community outreach center in a national park and marine protected area, and the public's interest in coral reefs to broaden the awareness of marine ecology through: (a) public presentations in a summer seminar series, (b) direct communication and interaction with journalists and teachers, and (c) education in local schools for preschool, grade-school and college students. For marine communities, such as those on coral reefs, factors influencing larval supply and settlement can have major impacts on community structure and population replenishment. There are now some indications that sound plays an important role in attracting larvae to suitable settlement habitat. There is little understanding of what soundscape habitat information is available to larvae and how differences and variability in sound can influence settlement. This project will include comprehensive experiments, environmental measurements, and modeling with the goal of understanding the role of sound in influencing larval recruitment and local biodiversity. The investigators will measure in situ settlement of larval fish and coral in relation to different soundscapes and habitat conditions in a marine protected area using traditional larval sampling methods, moored acoustic recorders, and a suite of environmental observations. Controlled and calibrated environmental playback experiments will isolate soundscape components and determine specific and fundamental acoustic cues larvae use to orient and settle. The spatial and temporal variability of soundscape cues and components across reef habitats will be established. Finally, the project will determine the relevant ranges of sound plumes that larvae may encounter through direct measurements of the sound fields of multiple reefs.

珊瑚礁生态系统拥有地球上每单位区域的生命最高生物多样性，大约四分之一至三分之一的海洋动物。礁石相关的动物是数百万人的主要蛋白质来源，珊瑚礁提供海岸线保护，并提供了重要的旅游收入来源，尤其是在发展中国家。影响年轻（幼虫）鱼类，珊瑚和相关动物的供应和定居的因素可能会对珊瑚礁生态系统和人口结构产生很大的影响，并且对这些动物的了解更多，可以帮助提高人们对如何维持珊瑚礁提供的好处的理解。这项研究将导致对年轻幼虫如何使用自然声音定向，定位和选择首选定居栖息地的详细机械理解。该方法将结合详细的现场测量和实验，以分离影响珊瑚礁幼虫的关键音景变量。结果将通过开放式文章，媒体发行，博客和网站更新大致分发给科学界和公众。研究生和本科生将直接参与研究和外展的各个方面。该项目将利用熟练的通信部门，Cape Cod夏季社区，国家公园和海洋保护区的社区外展中心，以及公众对珊瑚礁的兴趣，以通过以下方式扩大海洋生态学的认识：（a）夏季研讨会系列中的公开演讲，（b）与记者和老师的直接沟通和互动，以及（C）在当地的教育，以及C）的教育。对于海洋社区（例如珊瑚礁上的群落），影响幼虫供应和定居点的因素可能会对社区结构和人口补给产生重大影响。现在有一些迹象表明，声音在吸引幼虫到合适的定居栖息地中起着重要作用。对幼虫可用哪些声景栖息地信息以及声音的差异和可变性如何影响沉降，几乎没有了解。该项目将包括全面的实验，环境测量以及建模，以了解声音在影响幼虫招募和局部生物多样性中的作用。研究人员将使用传统的幼虫抽样方法，系泊声记录器以及一系列环境观察结果来测量与海洋保护区中不同的音景和栖息地条件相关的幼虫和珊瑚的原位定居。受控和校准的环境播放实验将隔离音景成分，并确定特定和基本的声明幼虫对方向和沉降的使用。将建立跨礁栖息地的音景提示和组件的空间和时间变化。最后，该项目将通过直接测量多个礁石的声场来确定幼虫可能遇到的声音羽流的相关范围。