Collaborative Research: The Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO)-A Change Detection Array in the Pacific Arctic Region

合作研究：分布式生物观测站（DBO）-太平洋北极地区的变化检测阵列

• 批准号: 1204082
• 负责人: Jacqueline Grebmeier
• 金额: $ 170.25万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-15 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1204082&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Distributed; Biological; Observatory

Several regionally critical marine sites in the Pacific Arctic sector that have very high biomass and are focused foraging points for apex predators, have been reoccupied during multiple international cruises. The data documenting the importance of these ecosystem "hotspots" provide a growing marine time-series from the northern Bering Sea to Barrow Canyon at the boundary of the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. Results from these studies show spatial changes in carbon production and export to the sediments as indicated by infaunal community composition and biomass, shifts in sediment grain size on a S-to-N latitudinal gradient, and range extensions for lower trophic levels and further northward migration of higher trophic organisms, such as gray whales. There is also direct evidence of negative impacts on ice dependent species, such as walruses and polar bears. To more systematically track the broad biological response to sea ice retreat and associated environmental change, an international consortium of scientists are developing a coordinated Distributed Biological Observatory (DBO) that includes selected biological measurements at multiple trophic levels. These measurements are being made simulataneously with hydrographic surveys and satellite observations. The DBO currently focuses on five regional biological "hotspot" locations along a latitudinal gradient. The spatially explicit DBO network is being organized through the Pacific Arctic Group (PAG), a consensus-driven, international collaboration sanctioned by the International Arctic Science Committee. This project will be a U.S. contribution to the DBO effort in the Pacific Sector, and the scientific needs to be met are consistent with research needs identified in the US National Ocean Policy planning effort, and the NOAA strategic plan. The implemented project will serve as a contribution to the US-led Arctic Observing Network and will improve international cooperative efforts for evaluating ecosystem impacts from high latitude climate change. Identifying and collecting key prey-predator biological data in the context of high priority physical and chemical measurements will allow for integration of these data into scientific community analyses and ecosystem modeling efforts. Outreach to local communities and media will ensure that both those immediately impacted and the broader public will be made aware of changes in this sensitive part of the Arctic.

在太平洋北极部门的几个区域关键的海洋地点具有很高的生物量，并且在多次国际巡游中重新占领了Apex Predators的觅食点。记录了这些生态系统“热点”重要性的数据提供了从北北部的北部白令海到巴罗峡谷的越来越多的海洋时间序列。这些研究的结果表明，碳产生的空间变化和出口到沉积物中，如臭殖群落组成和生物量所示，STO-N纬度梯度上的沉积物晶粒尺寸的变化以及较低营养水平的范围扩展以及较低的较高营养性生物的北向迁移，例如灰色的灰惠尔斯（例如灰色Whales）。也有直接证据表明对冰依赖物种的负面影响，例如海象和北极熊。为了更加系统地跟踪对海冰静修和相关环境变化的广泛生物学反应，一个国际科学家正在开发协调的分布生物观测站（DBO），其中包括在多个营养水平上精选的生物学测量。这些测量值是通过水文调查和卫星观测来模拟进行的。 DBO目前侧重于沿纬度梯度沿线的五个区域生物“热点”位置。 空间上明确的DBO网络正在通过太平洋北极集团（PAG）组织，这是由国际北极科学委员会批准的共识驱动的国际合作。该项目将是美国对太平洋部门DBO努力的贡献，并且满足科学需求与美国国家海洋政策计划工作中确定的研究需求以及NOAA战略计划一致。实施的项目将为美国领导的北极观察网络做出贡献，并将改善国际合作努力，以评估高纬度气候变化的生态系统影响。 在高优先级的物理和化学测量值的背景下，识别和收集关键的猎物prodenter生物学数据将使这些数据将这些数据整合到科学社区的分析和生态系统建模工作中。 向当地社区和媒体进行宣传，将确保那些立即影响的人和更广泛的公众都会意识到这一敏感部分的变化。