RAPID: Bacterial Population Dynamics and Community Composition during the US Synoptic Arctic Survey

RAPID：美国北极天气观测期间的细菌种群动态和群落组成

• 批准号: 2237847
• 负责人: Jacqueline Grebmeier
• 金额: $ 3.55万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2237847&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Bacterial; Population; Dynamics; Community

As the Arctic continues to experience rapid environmental change, including increasing water temperatures and declining sea ice extent, researchers have observed ecosystem and biological population shifts in the Pacific Arctic shelves and deeper Arctic Ocean basins. However, the microbial component in the marine ecosystem remains understudied. This project is taking advantage of the 2022 US Synoptic Arctic Survey (SAS) cruise on the USCGC icebreaker Healy, which is studying the current status of the physics, biology, and chemistry across much of the Arctic Ocean. The overall SAS project is establishing a baseline so that future studies of the Arctic will have a basis to understand how the Arctic is changing in the coming decades. This microbial project is evaluating the population distributions of Arctic prokaryotic microbes, their function in the Arctic ecosystem, and their roles in the cycle of carbon in the Arctic. The project is also providing access to genomic sequencing data and isolate collections for undergraduate students in Iceland and Maryland to carry out additional research. The team is participating in a “Science for Citizens” lecture series at the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and the Strait Science lecture series that is supported by the Northwest Campus of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in Nome, both of which are available globally online. Both of these science communication forums promote better public understanding of Arctic change. This project will undertake field collections and post-cruise genetic analyses of sediment and macrofauna-associated prokaryotes from the shelf to the Arctic Basin as part of larger SAS efforts. Prokaryotes are an essential biological component for the breakdown of complex biopolymers; cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur; and for making nutrients available to higher trophic levels in the marine ecosystem. The vulnerability of sediment-associated prokaryote populations to shifts in temperature is crucial for mapping future changes in prokaryote population dynamics, carbon cycling, and changes in nutrient cycling at the sediment-water interface that influences the marine carbon cycle. This sediment prokaryote analytical work fills a gap in the US contribution to the SAS effort and complements other components, including investigations of sediment and macrofaunal respiration, nutrient exchange at the sediment-water interface as well as meiobenthic characterizations. The microbial component is a US contribution to the international SAS program and allows for pan-Arctic comparisons with other microbial studies planned as part of the international SAS program.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

随着北极继续经历迅速的环境变化，包括升高水温和海冰范围的下降，研究人员观察到了太平洋北极货架的生态系统和生物种群变化以及更深的北极海洋鲈鱼。但是，海洋生态系统中的微生物成分仍被了解。该项目正在利用2022年美国北极调查（SAS）在USCGC Icebreaker Healy上进行巡游，该调查正在研究北极海洋大部分地区物理，生物学和化学的现状。总体SAS项目正在建立一个基线，以便对北极的未来研究将有一个基础来了解未来几十年中北极的变化。这个微生物项目正在评估北极原核微生物的种群分布，它们在北极生态系统中的功能及其在北极碳周期中的作用。该项目还为冰岛和马里兰州的本科生提供了对基因组测序数据和隔离收集的访问权限，以进行其他研究。该小组正在马里兰大学环境科学中心和海峡科学讲座系列中的切萨皮克生物实验室参加“公民科学”演讲系列，该实验室得到了诺姆斯的阿拉斯加Fairbanks西北校园的支持，这两者都在全球范围内可用。这两个科学传播论坛都促进了公众对北极变革的更好理解。该项目将在较大的SAS工作的一部分中对从架子到北极盆地的沉积物和大型相关的原核生物进行现场收集和疏散后遗传分析。原核生物是分解复杂生物聚合物的重要生物学成分。碳，氮，磷和硫的循环；为了使营养可用于更高的营养，与沉积物相关的原核生物群体对温度转移的脆弱性对于映射原核生物种群动态的未来变化，碳循环以及影响海洋碳碳循环的沉积物 - 水界面的养分循环变化至关重要。这项沉积物原核生物分析工作填补了美国对SAS工作的贡献，并补偿了其他组件，包括沉积物的投资和巨大的呼吸，在沉积物 - 水界面上的营养交换以及Meiobenthic特征。微生物组成部分是美国对国际SAS计划的贡献，可以作为国际SAS计划的一部分计划与计划的其他微生物研究进行泛极比较。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的审查标准，认为通过评估来获得珍贵的支持。