Collaborative Research: Dynamics of the MJO (DYNAMO) Scientific Program Overview

合作研究：MJO (DYNAMO) 动力学科学计划概述

• 批准号: 1021702
• 负责人: Steven Rutledge
• 金额: $ 1.53万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1021702&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Dynamics; MJO; DYNAMO

This is an award to support continued planning for DYNAMO. It is not a commitment by NSF to fund the field project and related analysis and numerical simulation work. Those funding decisions will be determined by means of further review.The Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) project is a field campaign to study the iniitiation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), followed by a suite of data analysis, modeling, and forecasting studies. The MJO is an envelope of organized convection that propagates from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and constitutes the dominant form of intraseasonal precipitation and atmospheric circulation variability in the tropics. The MJO influences a variety of tropical weather and climate phenomena,including tropical cyclones (affecting hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico), the onset and intraseasonal fluctuations of the monsoons and rainfall over Asia, Australia, Africa, and the Americas, and the onset of El Nino events. Despite its importance and concerted efforts over several decades, the MJO has not yet been adequately explained, and global atmospheric circulation models have difficulty simulating and predicting it.The field campaign is planned for October 2011 to March 2012, to take advantage of an international effort known as the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in the Year 2011 (CINDY2011). The DYNAMO observing array would take the form of a quadrangle observing array consisting of two ships and two islands. The islands are Diego Garcia (approximately 7S, 72E) and Gan, the southernmost island of the Maldive chain (near 0S, 73E). The ships would be located roughly 10 degrees east of the islands, and one ship station would held by a US research vessel (RV) while the other would be held alternately by RVs from Japan, Australia, and India. The RVs collect atmospheric and oceanographic observations using a combination of moored buoys, ship-based air-sea flux measurements, radars, and radiosonde launches. A radar "supersite" including radars of varying wavelengths, is planned for Gan, in addition to radiosonde launches on the island. Diego Garcia provides radiosonde launches to allow a four point observing array which can be used to compute the convergence of atmospheric heat and moisture fluxes.The DYNAMO project seeks to test three general hypotheses regarding the initiation of the MJO, which focus on the interaction between convection and environmental moisture, the evolution of cloud populations, and air-sea interaction. The first hypothesis is that "Deep convection can be organized into an MJO convective envelope only when the moist layer has become sufficiently deep over a region of the MJO scale, and the pace at which this moistening occurs determines the duration of the pre-onset state. The second hypothesis is that specific convective cloud populations at different stages are essential to MJO initiation. Clouds are considered to play two roles, one as a moistening agent through detrainment and the other as a driver of large-scale circulation through diabatic heating. The third hypothesis is that air-sea interactions and ocean conditions play an essential role in the initiation of the MJO, particularly in establishing the tropical Indian Ocean as the locus of MJO onset.The project aims to improve the ability of numerical models to provide forecasts of MJO activity, which would be of great societal benefit due to the connections between the MJO and fluctuations of weather and climate (including hurricanes). DYNAMO would also have a strong educational benefit by introducing young scientists, including graduate students, to the tropical meteorology and oceanogaphy of the Indian Ocean. A field campaign on the scale of DYNAMO has not previously been carried out in the Indian Ocean, and the data collected during the campaign would be beneficial for a variety of purposes, including improvements to convective parameterization in climate models and the calibration and validation of satellite retrievals.

这是支持持续计划发电机的奖项。 NSF不是为现场项目以及相关分析和数值模拟工作提供资金的承诺。这些资金决策将通过进一步审查来确定。Madden-Julian振荡（Dynamo）项目的动态是一项现场运动，旨在研究Madden-Julian振荡（MJO）的局势，然后进行一系列数据分析，建模和预测研究。 MJO是有组织的对流的包裹，它从印度洋传播到太平洋，构成了热带地区季节内降水和大气循环变异性的主要形式。 MJO影响了各种热带天气和气候现象，包括热带气旋（影响墨西哥湾的飓风），季风和季风和降雨的季节和季节性波动和亚洲，澳大利亚，非洲，美洲以及美洲以及El Nino Event的一开始。尽管几十年来，MJO的重要性和一致的努力尚未得到充分解释，全球大气循环模型却难以模拟和预测。计划于2011年10月至2012年3月进行现场运动，以利用国际努力，以利用国际合作的印度海洋大洋天气实验，以实验201111年的内部季节性变异性（Cindyy2011）。发电机观察阵列将采取四边形观察阵列的形式，该阵列由两个船只和两个岛屿组成。这些岛屿是迭戈·加西亚（Diego Garcia）（约7s，72e）和马尔代夫链中最南端的岛（近0s，73e）。这些船只将位于岛屿以东约10度的位置，一个船舶站将由美国研究船（RV）持有，另一艘船将由日本，澳大利亚和印度的RV交替持有。 RVS使用系泊浮标，基于船舶的空气通量测量值，雷达和辐射式发射的组合来收集大气和海洋学观察。除了在岛上发射的无线电探空式发射外，还计划为GAN提供一个雷达“超级场”，包括不同波长的雷达。迭戈·加西亚（Diego Garcia）提供了辐射发射的发射，以允许四点观察阵列，该阵列可用于计算大气热和水分通量的收敛性。迪纳摩项目旨在测试有关MJO启动的三个一般假设，该假设侧重于对流与环境水分之间的相互作用，以及云群体的进化和空气互动的进化。第一个假设是：“只有当潮湿层在MJO尺度的一个区域中变得足够深入时，才能将深对流组织成一个对流的信封，而这种潮湿的速度发生的速度决定了预发行前的持续时间。第二个假设是第二个假设是，在潮湿的情况下，特定的对流云群体是通过两种效果的效果，这是clud的另一个。大规模循环的驱动因素是第三个假设。飓风）。迪纳摩还将通过将包括研究生在内的年轻科学家介绍给印度洋的热带气象和海洋学，从而获得强大的教育利益。以前在印度洋中没有进行有关发电机规模的现场运动，并且在活动期间收集的数据将有助于各种目的，包括在气候模型中改善对流参数化以及对卫星检索的校准和验证。