Collaborative Research: Sources of Black Carbon, Methane Sulfonic Acid, and Other Particulate Constituents over 45 Years in the Arctic

合作研究：北极 45 年来黑碳、甲磺酸和其他颗粒成分的来源

• 批准号: 1007261
• 负责人: Liaquat Husain
• 金额: $ 27.39万
• 依托单位: Health Research Incorporated/New York State Department of Health
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-10-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1007261&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Sources; Black; Carbon

Particles are important in the global climate and black carbon (BC) particles are disproportionately important because they absorb sunlight directly warming the atmosphere. Deposition of BC on ice/snow surfaces changes its albedo and enhances melting. The Arctic receives its BC from much of the northern hemisphere. Regional BC emissions have dramatically changed over these 45 years. Therefore, to develop strategies to limit BC and other PM transported to the Arctic, it is essential to determine the regional particulate mass (PM) contributions. The changing climate also affects the production of biogenic sulfate particles that increases the negative radiative forcing. This collaborative project between Clarkson University and SUNY Albany/ Health Research, Inc/ NYS Health Department with the cooperation of the Finnish Meteorological Institute will develop the world's longest record (45 year time series) of PM compositions of Arctic Haze at a single location by analyzing archived samples collected at Kevo, Finland. This work will: (1) determine the concentrations of BC, SO4 (sulfate), methane sulfonic acid (MSA), and other selected ions, cations and trace elements at Kevo for 45 continuous years; (2) investigate seasonal effects; (3) use state-of-the-art statistical methods, and air parcel back trajectories to determine the contributions of various emission regions and source types to the Arctic region. This project has the following broader impacts. The resulting long term record of Arctic PM composition variation and its analyses will improve our understanding of Arctic change over nearly a half century. Insights into atmospheric transport and chemical transformation can be gleaned from these data, and identify trends that may extend into the future. The thoroughly analyzed and quality assured data set will be available to the scientific community for comparison of long-term BC and sulfate trends in the Arctic for model evaluations. The other species and data analysis will identify the PM sources over these 45 years. The relative concentrations of absorbing and scattering particles will be determined in this critical geographical area.

颗粒在全球气候中很重要，黑碳（BC）颗粒非常重要，因为它们吸收了阳光直接温暖大气。 BC在冰/雪表面的沉积会改变其反照率并增强融化。北极从北半球大部分地区接收了BC。在这45年中，卑诗省地区的排放发生了巨大变化。因此，要制定限制BC和其他PM运输到北极的策略，必须确定区域颗粒质量（PM）贡献。气候变化还会影响生物硫酸盐颗粒的产生，从而增加负辐射强迫。克拉克森大学与纽约州纽约州立大学/纽约州纽约州纽约州卫生部门的合作项目与芬兰气象学院合作将通过分析在芬兰芬兰芬兰市凯沃收集的存档样品，在一个位置开发全球最长的记录（45年时间序列）。这项工作将：（1）确定BC，SO4（硫酸盐），甲烷磺酸（MSA）的浓度以及其他选定的离子，阳离子和痕量元素在Kevo连续45年； （2）研究季节性影响； （3）使用最先进的统计方法和空气包裹轨迹来确定各种排放区和源类型对北极区域的贡献。该项目具有以下更广泛的影响。北极PM组成变化的长期记录及其分析将提高我们对近半个世纪的北极变化的理解。可以从这些数据中收集到对大气传输和化学转化的见解，并确定可能扩展到未来的趋势。经过彻底的分析和质量保证的数据集将用于科学界，以比较北极中的长期BC和硫酸盐趋势以进行模型评估。其他物种和数据分析将在这45年内识别PM来源。吸收和散射颗粒的相对浓度将在这个关键的地理区域确定。