Doctoral Dissertation Research: Collective Action and Social Networks in a Peruvian Community

博士论文研究：秘鲁社区的集体行动和社交网络

• 批准号: 0962142
• 负责人: Eric Smith
• 金额: $ 1.77万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-15 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0962142&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Collective; Action

Doctoral student Henry Lyle (University of Washington), supervised by Dr. Eric A. Smith and Dr. Donna Leonetti, will undertake research on the relationship among social networks, collective action, free-riding, and reputation. Free-riding in this context refers to shouldering less than one's fair share of the cost of production of a public good. This study will shed light on how cooperative behaviors of individuals are promoted locally, and how such behaviors may persist or be undermined by a variety of contextual factors.The research will be carried out in highland Peru, an extreme environment that highlights the significance of cooperative behavior. The indigenous people of the Peruvian Andes have a long history of political and economic marginalization. This history combines with high altitude stressors, such as low ecosystem productivity, to make it difficult for families to assure a consistent and adequate supply of food and maintain good health. One important method of coping with variability in food intake and with episodes of illness or injury involves exchange networks among households. This research aims to better understand how one's standing in these critically important social networks is established and maintained; the role that social reputation (achieved from helping with community projects) plays in this process; and whether those who over-contribute (that is, help out with community projects even if others fail to do their part) do so because of later benefits.The researcher will collect both qualitative and quantitative data through a variety of research methodologies, including: demographic censuses, semi-structured interviews, time allocation observations via focal scans, and participant observation in community tasks. Data also will be gathered on reputation for participating in community projects, time allocation to community projects, and inter-household exchanges of food, labor, and medical aid. Analyses will utilize multiple regression and social network analytical methods including exonential random graph models.This research is important because cooperative behavior is an essential part of human adapative strategies. It is theoretically innovative in linking cutting edge analysis of social network dynamics with data on generosity and reputation. The project also has practicial applications to improving the functioning of communal undertakings, such as all-important irrigation and other resource management systems. Funding this research also supports the education of a graduate student.

由埃里克·史密斯（Eric A. 在这种情况下，自由骑行是指公共物品生产成本中不到公平的份额。 这项研究将阐明个人的合作行为如何在本地促进，以及这些行为如何持续或因各种背景因素而持续或破坏。这项研究将在秘鲁高地进行，这是一个极端的环境，强调合作行为的重要性。秘鲁安第斯山脉的土著人民的政治和经济边缘化历史悠久。这一历史与高海拔压力源（例如生态系统生产率低的高度压力）相结合，使家庭难以确保始终如一，充足的食物供应并保持身体健康。应对食物摄入量和疾病或伤害发作的一种重要方法是家庭之间的交换网络。这项研究旨在更好地了解人们如何在这些至关重要的社交网络中建立和维护；社会声誉（通过帮助社区项目实现）在此过程中所扮演的角色；以及那些过度贡献的人（即，即使其他人都无法做到自己的工作）是否会因为以后的益处而这样做。研究人员将通过各种研究方法来收集定性和定量数据，包括：人口统计学普查，半结构化访谈，通过焦点扫描和参与者在社区中进行的时间分配观察，以及社区的观察。还将收集有关参与社区项目，向社区项目分配时间以及粮食，劳动和医疗援助的家庭间交流的声誉的数据。分析将利用多元回归和社交网络分析方法，包括外部随机图模型。这项研究很重要，因为合作行为是人类适应性策略的重要组成部分。在将社交网络动态的尖端分析与慷慨和声誉的数据联系起来时，它在理论上是创新的。该项目还具有改善公共企业功能的实践应用，例如最重要的灌溉和其他资源管理系统。资助这项研究还支持研究生的教育。