Doctoral Dissertation Research: Food Sharing in Lamalera, Indonesia: Tests of Adaptive Hypotheses

博士论文研究：印度尼西亚拉马莱拉的食物共享：适应性假设检验

• 批准号: 0514559
• 负责人: Eric Smith
• 金额: $ 1.19万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0514559&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Food; Sharing; Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Food; Sharing

The people of Lamalera, Indonesia are subsistence marine foragers who practice open sea hunting of large prey as well as small boat hook and line and net fishing. The distribution of food follows a complex system of norms that assigns share rights to individuals according to their role in production. Once shares are distributed, shareholders further distribute portions to other households. This redistribution of food resources creates a network of food sharing relationships among households in the village. This dissertation research project by a cultural anthropologist seeks to understand from an evolutionary and economic standpoint how such a system may develop and how the resulting sharing network relates to other local social institutions. The objective is to test hypotheses derived from human behavioral ecology, which look at the effects of kinship on patterns of sharing, how sharing serves to ameliorate variation in harvests over time and guards against the hazard of a serious resource shortfall, and how sharing can be used as a social strategy to gain improved reputation and favor from others. Intellectual Merit: Anthropologists have long recognized food sharing as a socially and evolutionarily important human institution. In reconstructing the behavioral evolution of our species food sharing has often been viewed as part of a suite of interrelated adaptations that define the hominid lineage, and as a precursor to more complex cooperative behaviors. However, cooperative behaviors that benefit another individual at a cost to the actor can be difficult for evolution to produce. Food sharing is such a behavior, and explaining why humans share food from an evolutionary point of view has become an important focus of research in human behavioral ecology. Because some other forms of cooperation observed in humans face similar obstacles, understanding food-sharing behavior helps us understand human cooperation and sociality more broadly.Broader Impact: Understanding the nature of food production and distribution in subsistence economies helps us understand the material and social resources available to the many impoverished peoples of the developing world. Networks of food sharing, such as that seen in Lamalera, are common in subsistence economies. These networks shape individuals' access to both food and non-food resources. Knowledge generated by the study may therefore have implications for the design of development projects, the distribution of food aid, the execution of disaster relief, or other situations where there is concern about how local institutions may shape access to resources provided by outside agencies. In addition the project advances the education of a young social scientist.

印度尼西亚拉马莱拉的人民是生存海洋觅食者，他们练习大型猎物的开海以及小船钩，线和网钓鱼。食物的分布遵循一个复杂的规范制度，该系统会根据其在生产中的角色为个人赋予个人权利。一旦分配股票，股东就会将部分分配给其他家庭。食品资源的这种重新分配创造了村庄中家庭之间的食品共享关系网络。文化人类学家的这项论文研究项目试图从进化和经济的角度理解这种系统如何发展，以及所产生的共享网络与其他当地社会机构的关系。目的是检验源自人类行为生态学的假设，该假设着眼于亲属关系对共享模式的影响，共享如何减轻收获随着时间的流逝的变化以及防护剂的严重资源短缺的危害，以及如何将共享如何用作社交策略来获得改善的声誉和对其他人的青睐。知识分子的优点：人类学家长期以来已经认识到食品共享是社会和进化上重要的人类机构。在重建我们物种的行为演变时，食物共享通常被视为定义人类谱系的一系列相互关联适应的一部分，也是更复杂的合作行为的先驱。但是，以牺牲演员为代价使另一个人受益的合作行为可能很难进化产生。食物共享是一种行为，并解释了为什么人类从进化的角度共享食物已成为人类行为生态研究的重要重点。因为在人类中观察到的其他一些其他形式的合作面临类似的障碍，所以了解食物共享的行为有助于我们更广泛地了解人类的合作和社会性。BROADER的影响：了解生存经济体中粮食生产和分配的性质有助于我们了解许多贫穷的发展中国家人民可用的物质和社会资源。粮食共享网络（例如Lamalera中看到的网络）在生存经济体中很常见。这些网络塑造了个人获得食品和非食品资源的访问。因此，研究产生的知识可能对开发项目的设计，粮食援助的分配，救灾的执行或其他情况有所关注，从而对当地机构如何塑造对外部机构提供的资源的访问。此外，该项目还会推进一位年轻的社会科学家的教育。