COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels

合作：阿德利企鹅在个体、群体和种群水平上对气候变化的反应

• 批准号: 0944411
• 负责人: David Ainley
• 金额: $ 70.85万
• 依托单位: H.T. Harvey & Associates
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2016-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0944411&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; Adelie; Penguin; Response; Climate

While changes in populations typically are tracked to gauge the impact of climate or habitat change, the process involves the response of individuals as each copes with an altered environment. In a study of Adelie penguins that spans 13 breeding seasons, results indicate that only 20% of individuals within a colony successfully raise offspring, and that they do so because of their exemplary foraging proficiency. Moreover, foraging appears to require more effort at the largest colony, where intraspecific competition is higher than at small colonies, and also requires more proficiency during periods of environmental stress. When conditions are particularly daunting, emigration dramatically increases, countering the long-standing assumption that Adélie penguins are highly philopatric. The research project will 1) determine the effect of age, experience and physiology on individual foraging efficiency; 2) determine the effect of age, experience, and individual quality on breeding success and survival in varying environmental and competitive conditions at the colony level; and 3) develop a comprehensive model for the Ross-Beaufort Island metapopulation dynamics. Broader impacts include training of interns, continuation of public outreach through the highly successful project website penguinscience.com, development of classroom materials and other standards-based instructional resources.

虽然通常会跟踪种群变化来衡量气候或栖息地变化的影响，但该过程涉及个体应对环境变化的反应。在一项针对阿德利企鹅跨越 13 个繁殖季节的研究中，结果表明只有 20% 的反应。群体内的个体成功地抚养后代，他们这样做是因为他们的觅食能力堪称典范，而且，在最大的群体中，觅食似乎需要更多的努力，因为在最大的群体中，种内竞争比小群体更高，而且也需要更多的努力。当环境条件特别恶劣时，迁徙会急剧增加，这与阿德利企鹅高度亲族的假设相悖。该研究项目将：1）确定年龄、经验和生理对个体觅食效率的影响； 2) 确定年龄、经验和个体素质对群体水平不同环境和竞争条件下繁殖成功和生存的影响；3) 开发罗斯-博福特岛集合种群动态的综合模型。更广泛的影响包括实习生培训、通过非常成功的项目网站 penguinscience.com 继续进行公共宣传、开发课堂材料和其他基于标准的教学资源。