Suction Feeding Evolution: Functional Morphology, Biomechanics and Performance

吸力喂养的进化：功能形态、生物力学和性能

• 批准号: 0924489
• 负责人: Peter Wainwright
• 金额: $ 80.78万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0924489&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Suction; Feeding; Evolution; Functional; Morphology

Suction feeding is believed to be the ancestral method of prey capture in bony fishes and is used by the majority of aquatic feeding vertebrate animals, including most bony fish and many aquatic amphibians, turtles and mammals. Although suction feeding is a very evolutionarily conserved mechanism, it supports unparalleled diversity in feeding habits because of its effectiveness and versatility for prey capture. This research is aimed at identifying major innovations in the mechanical design of suction feeding systems in animals and how this system has been modified during evolution to produce the extensive diversity that suction feeders represent. This will be accomplished by focusing on the fluid mechanics of two major mechanisms whereby some suction feeders amplify the hydrodynamic forces they exert on prey items, and by using data from high-speed video recordings and water-flow visualization techniques as the basis for studies of evolutionary patterns in feeding behavior across seven major fish radiations. This research will measure the impact of several mechanisms in shaping the diversification of this complex mechanical system. The results will lead to a deeper understanding of how breakthroughs in function impact subsequent diversification and how constraints such as trade-offs and modularity of design can both limit and facilitate evolution. It is hoped that general design mechanisms will be identified whereby evolution has been able to overcome fundamental mechanical trade-offs and these may have applicability in human-designed mechanisms. This project will also focus on the recruitment and training of young scientists, including a postdoctoral researcher, a doctoral graduate student and four undergraduate students per year. Outreach activities will include the development of a Youtube channel where the public can view suction feeding videos, a research blog aimed at undergraduate students, and participation in television documentaries.

据信吸入喂养是骨鱼类捕食捕食的祖先方法，大多数水生喂食脊椎动物（包括大多数骨鱼和许多水生四方，海龟和哺乳动物）使用。尽管吸力进食是一种非常保守的机制，但由于其有效性和多功能性，它在捕食习惯上支持无与伦比的多样性。这项研究旨在确定动物吸力进食系统机械设计的主要创新，以及如何在进化过程中修改该系统，以产生吸力喂食器所代表的广泛多样性。这将通过关注两种主要机制的流体力学来实现，从而使一些吸力馈线扩大了它们在猎物物品上的流体动力力，以及使用高速视频记录和水流可视化技术中的数据作为研究在七个大鱼类辐射中进化行为方面研究进化模式的基础。这项研究将衡量几种机制在塑造该复杂机械系统多元化方面的影响。结果将使人们对功能的突破如何影响随后的多元化以及如何折衷和设计模块化既可以限制和促进进化，从而更深入地了解。希望能够确定一般设计机制，从而能够克服基本的机械权衡，并且这些机制可能在人工设计的机制中适用。该项目还将着重于年轻科学家的招聘和培训，包括博士后研究员，博士研究生和四名本科生。外展活动将包括开发YouTube频道，公众可以在其中观看旨在本科生的研究博客以及参与电视纪录片的研究博客。