Dissertation Research: Testing for Disruptive Competition in Solitary Populations of the Three-spined Stickleback

论文研究：三刺棘鱼独居种群中破坏性竞争的测试

基本信息

批准号：
0105147
负责人：
Peter Wainwright
金额：
$ 1万
依托单位：
University of California-Davis
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2001-06-15 至 2003-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0105147&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dissertation Research Testing Disruptive Competition

项目摘要

Wainwright0105147Sympatric speciation, in which a single population undergoes an evolutionary split into two co-occurring species, has been a source of controversy for 50 years. Many biologists believe species split only when populations are geographically divided. Skepticism about sympatric speciation is due to theoretical criticisms and the paucity of unambiguous examples. The idea has regained acceptance lately, due to accumulating empirical examples and supportive theoretical analyses. However, the theory relies on population dynamics that have never been soundly demonstrated in nature. The hypothesis is that competition among individuals in a population is strongest among common phenotypes, weakest for rare phenotypes, so that the average individual does poorly while unusual individuals escape competition and do relatively well. The investigators will use observational surveys to test whether such disruptive selection occurs naturally in populations of freshwater stickleback fish. They will also conduct experimental population density manipulations to test whether competition is the underlying cause. This research will test the assumptions underlying recent advances in speciation theory. It is also relevant to understanding how individuals in a population subdivide their resources, which affects both population dynamics, and how an invading species adapts to a new environment.

Wainwright0105147-Sym-Apatric物种形成，其中一个人群经历了进化论分为两个同时发生的物种，一直是争议的根源，已有50年了。许多生物学家认为，仅当种群在地理上分裂时，物种只会分裂。关于同胞形成的怀疑是由于理论批评和明确的例子的匮乏造成的。由于积累了经验实例和支持性的理论分析，该想法最近重新获得了接受。但是，该理论依赖于从未在自然界中展示过的人口动态。假设是，在一个普通表型中，个体中的个体之间的竞争是最弱的，对于稀有表型而言最弱，因此平均个体的表现较差，而异常的个体逃脱了竞争，并且相对良好。调查人员将使用观察性调查来测试这种破坏性选择是否自然发生在淡水粘背鱼的种群中。他们还将进行实验人口密度操纵，以测试竞争是否是根本原因。这项研究将测试物种理论最新进展的假设。这也与了解人群中的个人如何细分其资源，这两种资源都会影响人口动态，以及入侵物种如何适应新环境。