Polar Experimantal Network for Geospace Upper-atmosphere Investigations (PENGUIn): Interhemispheric Investigations along the 40 Degree Magnetic Meridian

地球空间高层大气调查极地实验网络 (PENGUIn)：沿 40 度磁子午线进行半球间调查

• 批准号: 0839858
• 负责人: Calvin Robert Clauer
• 金额: $ 66.57万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0839858&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Polar; Experimantal; Network; Geospace; Upper

"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)."The solar wind - magnetosphere - ionosphere system and the space weather phenomena it controls is a complex and dynamic environment that has increasing recognition of potentially impacting critical human technological infrastructure. To be able to forecast, and thus adapt to, the impact space weather events may have on infrastructure as diverse as satellite communications and power grids, it is necessary to develop accurate geomagnetic models of the Sun-Earth environment. Due to the dipole nature of the planet's magnetic field, the Earth's outer magnetosphere maps to relatively small regions in the polar and auroral latitudes in both hemispheres. The northern hemisphere is relatively well instrumented. However, lack of sufficient observations particularly notable in the Southern hemisphere lessens our ability to validate global models of the geospace environment. The main magnetic dipole is offset and tilted, resulting in a weaker polar field in the southern hemisphere. Seasonal ionospheric electrodynamic asymetries similarly result. The magnitudes of both these effects need to be measured and more fully understood to build reliable Space Weather models.This project seeks continued development and deployment of a chain of magnetometers located along the southern high latitude 40 degree magnetic meridian to provide conjugate inter-hemispheric measurements complementing the data from the existing dense Greenland west coast magnetometer array. Such measurements open the promise of simultaneous data from northern and southern hemispheres to enable the investigation of inter-hemispheric electrodynamic coupling throughout the entire outer magnetosphere.

“该奖项是根据2009年的《美国复苏与再投资法》（公法111-5）资助的。“太阳风 - 磁层 - 电离层系统以及它控制的太空天气现象是一个复杂而动态的环境，它具有越来越多的认识，对潜在影响关键关键的关键人类技术基础设施。为了能够预测并因此适应，影响太空天气事件可能对像卫星通信和电网等多样化的基础设施具有影响，有必要开发出太阳 - 地球环境的准确地磁模型。由于行星磁场的偶极性质，地球的外磁层映射到两个半球的极性和极光纬度的相对较小的区域。北半球的仪器相对较好。但是，缺乏足够的观察结果在南半球特别值得注意，可以降低我们验证地理空间环境的全球模型的能力。主磁偶极子被抵消和倾斜，导致南半球的极性较弱。 季节性电离层电动力学不良分子类似地导致。这两种效果的幅度需要进行测量和更充分的理解，以建立可靠的太空天气模型。该项目寻求继续开发和部署位于南部高纬度40度磁性子午线沿线的一系列磁力仪，以提供偶联的奇异性超绝生测量，以补充现有的绿地西海岸岩石海岸磁场的数据。这样的测量为北半球和南半球的同时数据提供了希望，以便研究整个磁层的半球间电动力偶联。