Polar Experiment Network for Geospace Upper-atmosphere Investigatins -- PENGUIn: Interhemispheric Investigations along the 40-degree Magnetic Meridian

地球空间高层大气调查极地实验网络——PENGUIn：沿40度磁子午线的半球调查

• 批准号: 1543364
• 负责人: Calvin Robert Clauer
• 金额: $ 99.84万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1543364&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Polar; Experiment; Network; Geospace; Upper

The near-Earth space and upper atmosphere (Geospace) is a complex natural system that can impact various human technologies deployed in space and on the ground. To forecast, and thus mitigate that impact, it is necessary to develop accurate understanding of the interaction processes between the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. These processes are mainly initiated on the planet's dayside and can be observed at high latitudes in both hemispheres, near the ionospheric intersection of geomagnetic field lines that map from the high-altitude interaction region. A variety of coupled phenomena at multiple spatial and temporal scales are produced by this interaction that transfer the solar wind energy and momentum through the magnetosphere down to the ionosphere and upper atmosphere. Developing our understanding of these interaction processes and how they couple to both polar ionospheres is important for developing physical models that can describe and predict "space weather" disturbances ? a major goal of the recently adopted National Space Weather Strategy. This goal has been hampered so far by the lack of sufficient data to investigate processes and to validate global models, particularly in the Southern hemisphere.This award will overcome the above problem through the operation and use of data from a new generation of autonomous instrument platforms strategically deployed in the Southern polar cap. This research will continue studies of various physical mechanisms involved in the solar wind interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere for better understanding of the multi-scale, global, and interhemispheric electrodynamic coupling within the entire Geospace system. Important aspects of these investigations include operation of a new chain of autonomous low-power ground-based instruments deployed along the 40-degree geomagnetic meridian in the East Antarctic. These stations are geomagnetically conjugate to the Greenland West Coast chain of long-term-running magnetometers supported by Danish scientists. These interhemispheric connections are crucial for interpretation of satellite observations (such NASA's THEMIS and MMS missions) in and near the magnetopause and for further understanding of the global geospace system's dynamics. The project will employ young scientists in the operation of remote Antarctic stations, as well as investigate space weather events, and, thus, contribute to the development of the nation?s scientific workforce. Use of the project's data to validate space weather models can provide benefit to society as a whole as it aids to protect various navigation, communications, and defense technologies that can be impacted by space weather.

近地空间和上层气氛（地理）是一个复杂的自然系统，可以影响在太空中和地面上部署的各种人类技术。为了预测并减轻这种影响，有必要对太阳风和地球磁层和电离层之间的相互作用过程进行准确的了解。这些过程主要是在地球上的日子上开始的，可以在两个半球的高纬度上观察到，附近，在高空相互作用区域绘制的地磁磁场线的电离层交叉点附近。这种相互作用会在多种空间和时间尺度上进行多种耦合现象，这些相互作用将太阳能和动量通过磁层传递到电离层和上层大气。发展我们对这些相互作用过程的理解以及它们如何与两个极地ion圈相结合对于开发可以描述和预测“太空天气”干扰的物理模型很重要吗？最近采用的国家太空天气战略的主要目标。到目前为止，由于缺乏足够的数据来调查流程并验证全球模型，尤其是在南半球，这一目标将受到阻碍。该奖项将通过从新一代自动仪器平台中运行和使用数据来克服上述问题，该奖项策略性地部署在南极帽中。这项研究将继续研究与地球磁层太阳风相互作用涉及的各种物理机制，以更好地理解整个Geospace系统中多尺度，全球和半球间的电动力耦合。这些调查的重要方面包括在南极在40度的地磁子午线沿线部署的新的自动低功率地面仪器的新链。这些电台在丹麦科学家支持的长期运行磁力仪的格陵兰西海岸连锁店上是汇合的。这些半球间的连接对于解释磁磁性及其附近的卫星观测（例如NASA的Themis和MMS任务）至关重要，并进一步了解全球地理系统的动态。该项目将雇用年轻的科学家在远程南极站的运营中，并调查太空天气事件，从而有助于国家科学劳动力的发展。使用项目数据来验证太空天气模型可以为整个社会带来好处，因为它有助于保护可能会受到太空天气影响的各种导航，通信和防御技术。

项目成果

Interhemispheric Asymmetries in the Ground Magnetic Response to Interplanetary Shocks: The Role of Shock Impact Angle

• DOI: 10.1029/2019sw002427
• 发表时间: 2018-12
• 期刊: Space Weather
• 作者: Z. Xu;M. Hartinger;D. Oliveira;S. Coyle;C. Clauer;D. Weimer;T. Edwards

Small Satellite Formation Flying Simulation with Multi-Constellation GNSS and Applications to Future Multi-Scale Space Weather Observations

多星座GNSS小卫星编队飞行模拟及其在未来多尺度空间天气观测中的应用

• DOI: 10.33012/2019.16883
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: The International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation
• 作者: Peng, YuXiang;Scales, Wayne A.;Esswein, Michael C.;Hartinger, Michael D.
• 通讯作者: Hartinger, Michael D.

Characterization of multi-scale ionospheric irregularities using ground-based and space-based GNSS observations

• DOI: 10.1186/s43020-021-00047-x
• 发表时间: 2021-07-12
• 期刊: SATELLITE NAVIGATION
• 影响因子: 11.2
• 作者: Peng, YuXiang;Scales, Wayne A.;Coyle, Shane
• 通讯作者: Coyle, Shane