Arabidopsis Kleisin Proteins and Their Role in Chromosome Biology

拟南芥 Kleisin 蛋白及其在染色体生物学中的作用

• 批准号: 0718191
• 负责人: Christopher Makaroff
• 金额: $ 47.02万
• 依托单位: Miami University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0718191&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Arabidopsis; Kleisin; Proteins; Their; Role

Chromosome cohesion plays a central role in chromosome segregation during both cell division and sexual reproduction. In addition to controlling sister chromatid cohesion, cohesin proteins are critical for recombination, chromosome structure and stability, the repair of DNA lesions and may help control gene expression. Therefore, cohesin proteins are essential for the viability of organisms. The goal of this project is to better understand how sister chromatid cohesion is regulated during sexual reproduction in plants and to investigate novel aspects of sister chromatid cohesion. Studies in yeast and animal systems have provided information on the overall structure of the cohesin complex as well as insights into how cohesin is established and removed. Most aspects of the structure and regulation of cohesin complexes are conserved. However, novel aspects have been identified in some species and these are providing important new insights into how this essential process is regulated. For example, Arabidopsis contains an alpha-kleisin (SYN3) that is preferentially localized in the nucleolus, suggesting it has evolved a specialized role in controlling ribosomal DNA (rDNA) structure and/or expression. Likewise, SWI1 is a plant-specific protein that is required to establish cohesion during meiosis. Experiments outlined in this project will determine how SYN3 functions in controlling rDNA structure, and elucidate how plants establish sister chromatid cohesion by determining the role(s) of SWI1 and CTF7 in meiosis. Results from experiments in the model organism Arabidopsis will provide new insights and expand our knowledge of sister chromatid cohesion and the proteins involved in this essential process. Studies on chromosome cohesion in plants have many important implications for plant breeding and improving agricultural practices. This project will help train a number of future scientists at the postdoctoral, graduate and undergraduate levels, including students underrepresented in the physical sciences who will participate in independent research projects associated with this project.

在细胞分裂和有性繁殖过程中，染色体内聚力在染色体分离中起着核心作用。 除了控制姐妹染色质被外，粘着蛋白蛋白对于重组，染色体结构和稳定性，DNA病变的修复至关重要，并且可能有助于控制基因表达。 因此，粘蛋白蛋白对于生物的生存能力至关重要。 该项目的目的是更好地了解植物有性繁殖过程中如何调节姐妹染色单体的凝聚力，并研究姐妹染色单体内聚力的新方面。 酵母和动物系统的研究提供了有关粘着蛋白复合物的整体结构的信息，以及有关如何建立和去除粘着蛋白的见解。 粘蛋白复合物的结构和调节的大多数方面都是保守的。 但是，在某些物种中已经确定了新颖的方面，这些方面为如何调节这种基本过程提供了重要的新见解。 例如，拟南芥包含一个优先定位在核仁中的α-kleisin（Syn3），这表明它在控制核糖体DNA（rDNA）结构和/或表达方面发挥了专业作用。 同样，SWI1是一种植物特异性蛋白，需要在减数分裂过程中建立凝聚力。 该项目中概述的实验将决定Syn3在控制rDNA结构中的功能，并通过确定SWI1和CTF7在减数分裂中的作用来阐明植物如何建立姐妹染色质凝聚力。 模型有机体拟南芥中实验的结果将提供新的见解，并扩大我们对姐妹染色单体凝聚力以及参与此基本过程所涉及的蛋白质的了解。 植物中染色体内聚力的研究对植物育种和改善农业实践具有许多重要的影响。 该项目将有助于培训博士后，研究生和本科级别的许多未来科学家，其中包括将参加与该项目相关的独立研究项目的物理科学的学生。