Analysis of Chromosome Cohesion in Arabidopsis

拟南芥染色体凝聚力分析

• 批准号: 0322171
• 负责人: Christopher Makaroff
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Miami University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0322171&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Analysis; Chromosome; Cohesion; Arabidopsis

Chromosome cohesion plays a central role in chromosome segregation during both mitosis and meiosis. The REC8/SCC1-like proteins are integral components of the mitotic and meiotic cohesion complexes and appear to be the regulatory point for the release of cohesion. Studies in a variety of organisms indicate that while sister chromatid cohesion is a highly conserved mechanism, important differences exist in cohesion at the centromeres verses chromosome arms, between mitosis and meiosis and across different species. Earlier studies identified four REC8/SCC1-like proteins in Arabidopsis (SYN1-4). One of these proteins, SYN1 is essential for meiosis while SYN2 and SYN4 may participate in mitosis. The fourth Arabidopsis cohesin protein, SYN3, appears to have a novel role in the plant nucleolus. This project involves a number of studies designed to better understand the Arabidopsis cohesin proteins. (1) Immunolocalization experiments and the analysis of mutant plants will be conducted to determine the function(s) of SYN2, SYN3 and SYN4. In particular the role of SYN3 in the nucleolus will be investigated. (2) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies to examine axial element formation in syn1 plants and immuno-TEM studies to examine the distribution of SYN1 on meiotic chromosomes will be conducted to further investigate the role of SYN1 in homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis . (3) Proteins that interact with SYN1 and/or influence its distribution on chromosomes will be identified through yeast two hybrid screens and mutant analysis and their role in chromosome cohesion investigated. Together these studies will provide insight into the specific roles of the Arabidopsis SCC1/REC8-like cohesin proteins in meiosis and mitosis and help fill a void in our understanding of plant cohesin proteins in general. Finally, they will yield new insights into the process of sister chromatid cohesion, different ways organisms control this important process and potentially new roles for the cohesin proteins.

染色体内聚力在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中在染色体分离中起着核心作用。 REC8/SCC1样蛋白是有丝分裂和减数分裂凝聚络合物的积分成分，似乎是释放凝聚力的调节点。在各种生物体中的研究表明，虽然姐妹染色质凝聚力是一种高度保守的机制，但在丝粒经文的凝聚力中存在重要差异，其中有丝裂和减数分裂之间以及不同物种之间的染色体臂。较早的研究确定了拟南芥中的四种REC8/SCC1样蛋白（Syn1-4）。这些蛋白质之一，Syn1对于减数分裂至关重要，而Syn2和Syn4可能参与有丝分裂。第四个拟南芥粘着蛋白Syn3在植物核仁中似乎具有新颖的作用。该项目涉及许多研究，旨在更好地了解拟南芥粘着蛋白。 （1）将进行免疫定位实验和突变植物的分析，以确定Syn2，Syn3和Syn4的功能。特别是，将研究Syn3在核仁中的作用。 （2）将进行Syn1植物中轴向元素形成的透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究和免疫TEM研究，以检查Syn1对减数分裂染色体的分布，以进一步研究Syn1在减数分裂过程中同源染色体配对和触发症中Syn1在同源染色体配对和突触中的作用。 （3）与Syn1相互作用和/或影响其在染色体上的分布的蛋白质将通过酵母两种杂种筛选和突变分析及其在染色体内聚力中的作用进行鉴定。这些研究将共同​​洞悉拟南芥SCC1/REC8样粘着素蛋白在减数分裂和有丝分裂中的特定作用，并有助于填补我们对植物粘蛋白蛋白一般的理解。最后，他们将对姐妹染色单体内聚的过程产生新的见解，生物体控制这一重要过程，并可能成为粘着蛋白的新作用。