LTREB: Collaborative Research: What Controls Long-term Changes in Freshwater Microbial Community Composition?

LTREB：合作研究：什么控制着淡水微生物群落组成的长期变化？

• 批准号: 0639790
• 负责人: Byron Crump
• 金额: $ 25.18万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-15 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0639790&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTREB; Collaborative; Research; What; Controls

Recent developments in DNA sequencing and molecular technologies have revolutionized the study of microorganisms, revealing their identities and genetic potential, and spawning new ecological concepts in microbial biodiversity. Spatial and temporal patterns in microbial species and their roles in natural ecosystems are controlled by their dispersal attributes (e.g., whether by wind or water) and local growth conditions, but the relative importance of these factors is unknown. This research will characterize these two fundamental controls on the distribution of microbes in Arctic lakes, streams and soils, and will reveal how seasonal, annual and long-term shifts in the populations of microbial species relate to the rapid climatic changes that are occurring in this region.The complex nature of microbial biodiversity is important for understanding human health and disease, and for understanding the consequences of our warming world. Bacteria and other microbes ultimately control the production of carbon dioxide and methane, potent greenhouse gasses, in all ecosystems. In the Arctic there are currently low but rapidly increasing temperatures, thawing permafrost, and much accumulated organic matter all creating a situation ripe for increased bacterial respiration (conversion of organic matter to carbon dioxide). These collective factors could greatly alter regional and global carbon budgets, and hence feedback to further climate changes. This project will also contribute to teaching and outreach through the NSF Research Experience for Teachers program, the LTER-Schoolyard (K-12) program, and other field-based courses and mentoring programs.

DNA 测序和分子技术的最新发展彻底改变了微生物的研究，揭示了微生物的特性和遗传潜力，并催生了微生物生物多样性的新生态概念。 微生物物种的时空模式及其在自然生态系统中的作用受其扩散属性（例如，风或水）和当地生长条件的控制，但这些因素的相对重要性尚不清楚。 这项研究将描述北极湖泊、溪流和土壤中微生物分布的这两种基本控制因素，并将揭示微生物物种种群的季节性、年度和长期变化如何与北极地区正在发生的快速气候变化相关。微生物生物多样性的复杂性对于了解人类健康和疾病以及了解世界变暖的后果非常重要。 细菌和其他微生物最终控制着所有生态系统中二氧化碳和甲烷等强效温室气体的产生。 在北极，目前气温较低但迅速上升，永久冻土融化，有机物大量积累，所有这些都为细菌呼吸（有机物转化为二氧化碳）创造了条件。这些集体因素可能会极大地改变区域和全球碳预算，从而反馈进一步的气候变化。 该项目还将通过 NSF 教师研究经验计划、LTER-Schoolyard (K-12) 计划以及其他实地课程和指导计划为教学和推广做出贡献。