LTREB Renewal: Collaborative research: What controls long-term changes in freshwater microbial community composition?

LTREB 更新：合作研究：是什么控制着淡水微生物群落组成的长期变化？

• 批准号: 1347042
• 负责人: Byron Crump
• 金额: $ 23.44万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-29 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1347042&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTREB; Renewal; Collaborative; research; What; LTREB; Renewal; Collaborative; research; What

Advances in DNA sequencing have revolutionized the study of microorganisms such as bacteria, revealing their genetic identity and ecological potential. Microbial communities carry out critical processes that regulate the amounts and forms of important nutrients and carbon, which are essential for all ecosystem services on Earth. Results from the first five years of this research program demonstrated that the biodiversity and activity of these communities varies tremendously among environments and over time. Microbial biodiversity and ecosystem functions are controlled (1) by local environmental conditions that affect growth, and (2) by dispersal via wind and water. However, the relative importance of these factors is still unknown. This research project will characterize these two fundamental controls on the distribution and activity of microbes in Arctic lakes, streams, and soils, and will reveal how seasonal, annual, and long-term shifts in microbial species are affected by climate change. This research will use the data archive of environmental measurements produced by the Arctic Long Term Ecological Research program (LTER), and will use next-generation DNA sequencing technology to assess microbial community composition and function.The goal of this research project is to measure shifts in microbial biodiversity, bacterial respiration, and ecosystem function associated with the current and dramatic environmental changes in the Arctic. Bacteria and other microbes ultimately control the production and consumption of the heat-trapping gases carbon dioxide and methane. In the Arctic, warming temperatures are thawing permafrost and exposing a vast store of previously-frozen organic carbon in soils. If this carbon is released to the atmosphere as heat-trapping gases the rate of climate warming will increase, further thawing the soils and exposing more carbon to microbial attack. The strength of this positive feedback loop is controlled by bacteria, because their respiration converts the soil carbon to carbon dioxide and methane which is then released to the atmosphere. In addition, this project will contribute to teaching and outreach through the NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates and Research Experience for Teachers programs, graduate student and postdoctoral scientist training, and collaboration with the Earth Microbiome Project (http://www.earthmicrobiome.org).

DNA测序的进展彻底改变了对细菌等微生物的研究，揭示了它们的遗传认同和生态潜力。微生物群落进行关键过程，以调节重要的营养和碳的数量和形式，这对于地球上的所有生态系统服务至关重要。该研究计划的前五年的结果表明，这些社区的生物多样性和活动在环境和随着时间的流逝之间差异很大。微生物生物多样性和生态系统功能受影响生长的局部环境条件控制（1），以及（2）通过风和水分散。 但是，这些因素的相对重要性仍然未知。该研究项目将表征有关北极湖泊，溪流和土壤中微生物的分布和活动的这两个基本控制，并将揭示微生物物种的季节，年和长期变化如何受到气候变化的影响。这项研究将使用北极长期生态研究计划（LTER）产生的环境测量的数据存档，并将使用下一代DNA测序技术来评估微生物群落组成和功能。该研究项目的目的是衡量微生物生物多样性，细菌呼吸和生态系统与当前环境的功能相关的微生物生物多样性的变化。 细菌和其他微生物最终控制了热吸收气体二氧化碳和甲烷的产生和消耗。在北极，温暖的温度使多年冻土融化，并在土壤中暴露了大量以前冷冻的有机碳。如果该碳被释放到大气中，因为热捕获气体会增加气候变暖的速率，将进一步解冻土壤，并将更多的碳暴露于微生物攻击中。这种正反馈回路的强度受细菌的控制，因为它们的呼吸将土壤碳转化为二氧化碳和甲烷，然后将其释放到大气中。此外，该项目将通过NSF研究经验为教师计划，研究生和博士后科学家培训以及与地球微生物组项目（http://www.earthmicrobiome.org）合作的NSF研究经验以及研究经验有助于教学和推广。