The Evolution of Placentas in the Poeciliid Fishes: An Empirical Study of the Evolution of Complexity

拟鱼科鱼类胎盘的进化：复杂性进化的实证研究

• 批准号: 0416085
• 负责人: David Reznick
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0416085&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolution; Placentas; Poeciliid; Fishes; Empirical

David Reznick + Michael Ghedotti DEB-0416085 + 0415633 AbstractThe Evolution of Placentas in the Poeciliid Fishes: An Empirical Study of the Evolution of ComplexityThe placenta is a complex organ that is a composite of many adaptations that must be well integrated for proper function. David Reznick and Michael Ghedotti will study the evolution of the placenta in the fish family Poeciliidae. They will develop a "family tree", based on DNA sequence and morphology, to determine if the placenta evolved independently on different branches and to define groups of species that do or do not have the placenta. Experiments on 30 species of those fish that are closely related and have different forms of maternal provisioning will test the predictions of a recent theory for the evolution of the placenta. Working together, the biologists will provide insights to refine the theory, while theoreticians will provide insights to suggest new lines of experimental inquiry.In the Origin of Species, Darwin included a chapter entitled "Difficulties on Theory", considering the most serious challenges to the theory of evolution by natural selection. One was the origin of complex organs: it seemed improbable that evolution could integrate many traits at once. He proposed that complexity could evolve by small steps if each represented an adaptation. These fish provide an opportunity to test Darwin's proposition. The research will also offer multidisciplinary training for students, be relevant to several fields of biology, and present a case study in evolution.

David Reznick + Michael Ghedotti Deb-0416085 + 0415633摘要胎盘在Poeciliid Fishes中的演变：对复杂性演变的经验研究，胎盘是一个复杂的器官，是许多适应的复杂器官，必须很好地整合起来才能适当地整合起来才能适当地进行功能。 大卫·雷兹尼克（David Reznick）和迈克尔·戈多蒂（Michael Ghedotti）将研究鱼类家族poeciliidae的胎盘的演变。 他们将基于DNA序列和形态发展一个“家谱”，以确定胎盘是否在不同的分支上独立演变并定义没有胎盘的物种。 对30种密切相关且具有不同形式的母体配置的鱼类的实验将测试胎盘进化的最新理论的预测。 生物学家将共同努力，将提供见解以完善理论，而理论家将提供见解，以提出新的实验询问线。在物种的起源中，达尔文包括了一个题为“理论上的困难”一章，考虑到自然选择对进化论的最严重挑战。 一个是复杂的器官的起源：似乎不可能一次地整合许多特征。 他提出，如果每个人都代表适应性，那么复杂性就可以通过小步骤发展。 这些鱼提供了测试达尔文主张的机会。 这项研究还将为学生提供多学科培训，与生物学几个领域有关，并在进化中提出案例研究。