NIRT: Nanoparticle-Environment Interfaces: Interactions in Natural Systems

NIRT：纳米颗粒-环境界面：自然系统中的相互作用

• 批准号: 0403732
• 负责人: Udo Becker
• 金额: $ 149.97万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0403732&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NIRT; Nanoparticle; Environment; Interfaces; Interactions

0403732BeckerRecent developments in surface analysis, computer simulations using quantum mechanical and empirical methods, and advanced techniques in electron microscopy now allow the accurate characterization and modeling of interface properties between nanoparticles and their immediate atomic-scale environment. These properties encompass the structural relationships between both phases, the stability of nanomaterials in their respective hosts, the chemistry in and near the interface, electron transfer mechanisms across the interface, and magnetic ordering in the nanoparticle, as well as in the near-interface region of the host matrix. These interface properties have a critical influence on the reactivity and the environmental behavior of nanoparticles. Therefore, their fate in the environment cannot be understood if only size and structure are considered. We propose to apply this combination of newly-developed experimental and theoretical capabilities to a variety of research topics that collectively focus on the important role of nanoparticle interfaces in natural systems, such as the formation of metal particles on sulfide and oxide surfaces and their incorporation into the bulk, transport of metal-bearing nanoparticles in atmospheric particulates and groundwater colloids, and to biomineralization processes. Broader impact: This new initiative at the University of Michigan is also supported by the development of new graduate and undergraduate courses to stimulate student interest in this field. We are in the process of developing new courses in environmental geochemistry, environmental mineralogy, mineral surface science, computational methods, nuclear materials, and radioactive waste management. A number of undergraduate and graduate students from different disciplines, such as mineralogy, geology, applied physics, chemistry, nuclear engineering, materials science, and chemical engineering are expected to be involved in the projects proposed. In addition, we plan to develop a public exhibition on nanoparticles in the Museum of Natural History at the University of Michigan. The exhibit will emphasize the broad applicability of nanogeoscience to diverse areas of great public interest, such as medicine (bone and tooth growth), development of geomimetic materials, new methods for metal exploitation and mineral processing, and release and transport of environmentally hazardous materials. The museum is regularly visited, not only by university students, but also by students from the local middle and high schools, and by the general public.

0403732在表面分析中的开发，使用量子机械和经验方法的计算机模拟以及电子显微镜中的先进技术，现在可以准确地表征和建模纳米颗粒及其即时原子尺度环境之间的界面特性。 这些特性涵盖了两个阶段之间的结构关系，各自宿主中纳米材料的稳定性，界面和附近的化学反应，跨界面的电子传递机制以及纳米颗粒中的磁性顺序以及近乎交互式区域主机矩阵。 这些界面特性对纳米颗粒的反应性和环境行为有关键影响。 因此，如果仅考虑大小和结构，则无法理解它们在环境中的命运。 我们建议将新开发的实验和理论能力的组合应用于各种研究主题，这些研究主题集体关注纳米颗粒界面在自然系统中的重要作用，例如金属颗粒在硫化物和氧化物表面上的形成及其融合到自然系统中大气颗粒和地下水胶体中金属含量纳米颗粒的批量运输，以及生物矿化过程。更广泛的影响：密歇根大学的这项新倡议也得到了新的研究生和本科课程的发展，以激发学生对这一领域的兴趣。我们正在开发环境地球化学，环境矿物学，矿物质表面科学，计算方法，核材料和放射性废物管理方面的新课程。 预计将参与提议的项目，许多来自不同学科的本科生和研究生，例如矿物学，地质，应用物理学，化学，核工程，材料科学和化学工程学。 此外，我们计划在密歇根大学的自然历史博物馆中开发关于纳米颗粒的公开展览。 该展览将强调纳米古科学对具有广泛公共关注的各个领域的广泛适用性，例如医学（骨骼和牙齿生长），地貌材料的发展，金属剥削和矿物质加工的新方法，以及释放和运输环境危险材料。 该博物馆经常被大学生，而且由当地中学和公众的学生访问。