Collaborative Research: An Optimality Principle of Evaporation over the Land Surface

合作研究：地表蒸发的最优性原理

• 批准号: 0309594
• 负责人: Rafael Bras
• 金额: $ 25.94万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0309594&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Optimality; Principle; Evaporation

Bras0309594The working hypothesis of this research is that evaporation at the earth-atmosphere interface is always maximized, given radiative energy input in a particular environment. Under the hypothesis, evaporation is uniquely determined as a result of an optimization exercise in terms of surface temperature, surface soil moisture and sensible heat flux (a measure of turbulent transport) given an energy input.Intellectual Merits:The ideas presented here will allow the independent verification of models, will lead to improved parameterization of surface hydrology and, more importantly, will provide a framework in which the sensitivity of land evaporation to changes in radiation, earth surface properties etc. could be evaluated independently of the traditional empirical models. The research strategy includes: 1. further theoretical and empirical study to include the dependence of long wave radiation on surface temperature; 2. show the lack of sensitivity of evaporation to atmospheric moisture; 3. carry out field work to test the concepts with more appropriate data sets over bare soils; 4. investigate the validity of existing evaporation models; 5. initiate the extension of the concepts to vegetated surfaces.Broader Impacts:This work represents a broad interdisciplinary collaboration between hydrologists and ecologists with theoretical and experimental expertise. The work supports unique experimental infrastructure at the University of Iowa. Undergraduate students will have the opportunities to do theoretical and field work. Several graduate students will get their masters/doctoral degrees based on their work in this proposal. All students will be encouraged and financed to present findings in professional meetings. All work will be published in the refereed literature in a timely manner. This proposal is being submitted under the umbrella of the new MIT Earth System Initiative. This research and educational effort is intended to promote the understanding of the ``body earth'' in order to define the appropriate science to develop sound sustainability policies. The Principal Investigator is one of the leaders of this initiative, a member of its executive council, and teaches one of the require courses under the initiative's freshman core alternative program: Terrascope.

BRAS0309594这项研究的工作假设是，在特定环境中，辐射能量输入了地球 - 大气界面的蒸发始终是最大化的。在假设下，在表面温度，表面土壤水分和明智的热通量（一种衡量湍流传输的量度）方面，蒸发是独特的。启动性优点：此处介绍的思想将允许对模型的独立验证，将导致更重要的层面参数和范围的范围内的范围内的范围内的范围内的范围，从而可以改善范围的范围。可以独立于传统的经验模型来评估。研究策略包括：1。进一步的理论和实证研究，包括长波辐射对表面温度的依赖性； 2。表明蒸发对大气水分的敏感性不足； 3.进行现场工作，以在裸露土壤上使用更合适的数据集测试概念； 4。研究现有蒸发模型的有效性； 5。将概念扩展到植被表面。Broader的影响：这项工作代表了与理论和实验专业知识之间的水文学家与生态学家之间的广泛跨学科合作。这项工作支持爱荷华大学独特的实验基础设施。本科生将有机会进行理论和现场工作。几位研究生将根据他们在此提案中的工作获得硕士/博士学位。所有学生都将得到鼓励和资助，以在专业会议上介绍发现。所有作品将及时发表在被裁判的文献中。该提议正在新的MIT地球系统计划的保护下提交。这项研究和教育努力旨在促进对``人体地球''的理解，以定义适当的科学以制定可持续性政策。首席调查员是该计划的领导人之一，是其执行委员会成员，并在该计划的新生核心替代方案中教授一门要求课程：Terrascope。