Environmental Impacts of Supermassive Black Holes

超大质量黑洞对环境的影响

• 批准号: 0307502
• 负责人: Mitchell Begelman
• 金额: $ 42.23万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0307502&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Environmental; Impacts; Supermassive; Black; Holes

AST-0307502Begelman, Mitchell C.Not all of the matter which comes under a black hole's influence ends up inside, because accretion of just a small amount releases enough energy to expel a much larger amount. These outflows carry a lot of energy and profoundly affect the black hole's environment, as demonstrated by recent X-ray and radio observations showing that cooling flows - gas thought to be cooling and slumping into the centers of clusters - can be stopped completely by the outpouring energy.This project will study the details of this influence, exerted not by outbursts but through a milder process called "effervescent heating", on the X-ray-emitting atmospheres of galaxy clusters, and on the growth of supermassive black holes at high redshift. The investigators will study the physical basis of effervescent heating and its implications through analytic modeling and state-of-the-art numerical simulations. They will research whether the tight coupling between galaxies and the formation of their central black holes arises from feedback via the released energy, and achieve new understanding of how the formation and evolution of super-massive black holes is linked to the formation and evolution of galaxies and galaxy clusters.The research will promote undergraduate science education and help with the general public's understanding of scientific research, because black holes have a widespread fascination which makes them an excellent "hook". The PI will also maintain his contacts with science journalists and popular magazines, continue with his own writings, and use his research results in his generally available courses.

AST-0307502Begelman，Mitchell C.并非所有受到黑洞影响的物质最终都会进入黑洞内部，因为少量的吸积会释放出足够的能量来排出更多的物质。 这些流出物携带大量能量，深刻影响黑洞的环境，最近的 X 射线和射电观测表明，冷却流（被认为正在冷却并塌陷到星团中心的气体）可以通过流出物完全停止。该项目将研究这种影响的细节，这种影响不是由爆发产生的，而是通过一种称为“泡腾加热”的温和过程对星系团的 X 射线发射大气层以及超大质量星系的生长产生的。高红移的黑洞。 研究人员将通过分析模型和最先进的数值模拟来研究泡腾加热的物理基础及其影响。 他们将研究星系与其中心黑洞形成之间的紧密耦合是否来自释放能量的反馈，并对超大质量黑洞的形成和演化与星系的形成和演化之间的联系获得新的认识。这项研究将促进本科生科学教育，并有助于公众对科学研究的理解，因为黑洞具有广泛的吸引力，这使得它们成为一个极好的“钩子”。 PI 还将与科学记者和流行杂志保持联系，继续自己的著作，并在他的普通课程中使用他的研究成果。