Formation of Supermassive Black Holes by Direct Collapse

直接塌缩形成超大质量黑洞

• 批准号: 0907872
• 负责人: Mitchell Begelman
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0907872&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Formation; Supermassive; Black; Holes; Direct

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).Dr. Begelman will study the formation and growth of the most massive black holes in the cosmos. These are the powerhouses for the luminous active nuclei that are found at the centers of luminous galaxies. The black holes must grow rapidly, since luminous quasars were already shining less than two billion years after the Big Bang. With a postdoctoral researcher, he will explore a fairly detailed picture for how massive black holes could be born. Gas rapidly falling inward first forms a gravitationally bound core, which is then compressed by the weight of the outer layers of gas. This structure collapses (due to thermal neutrino losses) to form a black hole surrounded by an envelope of gas, from which material continues to fall in. The team will examine the structure of these objects using one-dimensional stellar evolution calculations, and use the hydrodynamic code ZEUS to study how the pressure of radiation from material falling onto the black hole blows away the gas enveloping the black hole. Dr Begelman plans to prepare a second edition of his 1996 popular book 'Gravity's Fatal Attraction' (with Martin Rees) which will incorporate results from this research, and write an instructor's guide to make the book useful as a text for undergraduate survey courses. He will develop a planetarium show on how black holes shape the growth of galaxies, to be presented to the public and K-12 school groups at U. Colorado's Fiske Planetarium. A postdoctoral researcher will be trained by participation in the research.

该奖项由 2009 年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法 111-5）资助。贝格曼将研究宇宙中最大质量黑洞的形成和增长。 这些是在发光星系中心发现的发光活动核的发电厂。 黑洞一定会迅速生长，因为在大爆炸后不到 20 亿年，发光类星体就已经开始发光。 他将与一名博士后研究员一起探索一幅相当详细的图片，以了解大质量黑洞是如何诞生的。 快速向内落下的气体首先形成一个受重力束缚的核心，然后被外层气体的重量压缩。 这种结构坍缩（由于热中微子损失）形成一个被气体包层包围的黑洞，物质继续从其中落入。该团队将使用一维恒星演化计算来检查这些物体的结构，并使用流体动力学代码 ZEUS 用于研究落在黑洞上的物质的辐射压力如何吹走包围黑洞的气体。 Begelman 博士计划准备他 1996 年的畅销书《重力的致命吸引力》（与 Martin Rees 合作）的第二版，其中将纳入这项研究的结果，并编写一份教师指南，使该书成为本科生调查课程的教材。 他将制作一个关于黑洞如何塑造星系生长的天文秀，并将在科罗拉多州菲斯克天文馆向公众和 K-12 学校团体展示。 一名博士后研究员将通过参与研究来接受培训。