Masticatory Biomechanics and the Primate Face

咀嚼生物力学和灵长类动物的面部

• 批准号: 0240865
• 负责人: David Strait
• 金额: $ 16.56万
• 依托单位: New York Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-05-01 至 2005-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0240865&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Masticatory; Biomechanics; Primate; Face

The research proposed here entails the initial phase of a comprehensive analysis of primate masticatory biomechanics. The primary goals are (1) to determine how patterns of facial bone strain are influenced by major biomechanical variables (skeletal geometry, material properties, and external forces), and (2) to test hypotheses purporting to explain the pattern of similarities and differences in facial strain observed among living primates. Several types of primary data will be collected that are fundamental to a complete understanding of primate feeding mechanics. These data include (1) in vivo and in vitro bone strain, (2) electromyography, physiological cross-sectional area and muscle fiber orientation of the muscles of mastication, (3) three-dimensional information about craniofacial geometry, and (4) material properties of craniofacial bones and sutures. Functional hypotheses will be tested by integrating these data using finite element analysis, a widely used engineering technique designed to examine how objects of complex geometry deform under load. The initial phase of this research has two components. The first component will entail the modification of a finite element model of the craniofacial skeleton of Macaca to incorporate new data (muscle and bone properties, EMG, and in vitro and in vivo bone strain) to develop a model approach to the study of primate craniofacial structure and function. This phase will enable the researchers to demonstrate the viability of the proposed methods, their ability to integrate vast amounts of diverse types of data, and the significance of the various types of data for understanding adaptions related to the functional morphology of the craniofacial apparatus. The second component will include preliminary analysis of the significance of structural and functional differences between anthropoids and strepsirrhines through initial studies of Eulemur fulvus and Cebus capucinus. Following analysis of the results of this initial project, the investigators will apply for funds to expand the sample sizes and/or the taxonomic scope of the study, as indicated by our findings.This research will have a broad social impact. It will: (a) provide the broadest examination yet of facial biomechanics; such basic science research will find applications in clinical sciences related to the craniofacial development, growth, pathology, and trauma, (b) using FE models, limit the need for, or at least increase the analytical power of, future experimental studies requiring the use of live animals, (c) demonstrate the inherent interdisciplinarity of physical anthropology, (d) provide an example of how complex systems can be analyzed using a combination of empirical data and computational modeling, (e) strengthen collaborations between anthropologists in five universities, and (f) provide funding to graduate students at three universities.

这里提出的研究需要对灵长类动物生物力学进行综合分析的初始阶段。 主要目标是（1）确定面部骨骼应变的模式如何受到主要的生物力学变量（骨骼几何，材料特性和外部力）的影响，以及（2）测试假设的假设，以解释生物中观察到的相似性和面部菌株差异的模式。 将收集几种类型的主要数据，这些数据是对灵长类动物喂养力学的完全理解至关重要的。 这些数据包括（1）体内和体外骨骼菌株，（2）肌电图，生理横截面区域以及咀嚼肌肉的肌肉纤维方向，（3）有关颅面几何形状的三维信息，以及（4）颅骨骨骼和孔子的物质特性。 功能假设将通过使用有限元分析集成这些数据来测试，这是一种广泛使用的工程技术，旨在检查负载下复杂几何形状的对象如何变形。 这项研究的初始阶段有两个组成部分。 第一个组成部分将需要修改MacACA颅面骨骼的有限元模型，以结合新数据（肌肉和骨骼特性，EMG，体外和体内骨菌株），以开发一种模型方法，以研究灵长类动物颅面结构和功能。 该阶段将使研究人员能够证明所提出的方法的生存能力，它们整合大量不同类型的数据的能力以及各种数据的重要性，以理解与颅面装置功能形态相关的适应性。 第二个组成部分将通过对耶鲁菌Fulvus和cebus capucinus的初步研究进行初步分析，对人类类动物和链球链霉算之间结构和功能差异的重要性。 在分析了该初始项目的结果后，研究人员将申请资金来扩大研究的样本量和/或研究范围，如我们的发现所示。这项研究将产生广泛的社会影响。 它将：（a）对面部生物力学进行最广泛的检查； such basic science research will find applications in clinical sciences related to the craniofacial development, growth, pathology, and trauma, (b) using FE models, limit the need for, or at least increase the analytical power of, future experimental studies requiring the use of live animals, (c) demonstrate the inherent interdisciplinarity of physical anthropology, (d) provide an example of how complex systems can be analyzed using a combination of empirical data and computational建模，（e）加强五所大学的人类学家之间的合作，（f）为三所大学的研究生提供资金。