Masticatory Biomechanics and the Primate Face

咀嚼生物力学和灵长类动物的面部

• 批准号: 0527026
• 负责人: David Strait
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: SUNY at Albany
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-01 至 2007-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0527026&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Masticatory; Biomechanics; Primate; Face

The research proposed here entails the initial phase of a comprehensive analysis of primate masticatory biomechanics. The primary goals are (1) to determine how patterns of facial bone strain are influenced by major biomechanical variables (skeletal geometry, material properties, and external forces), and (2) to test hypotheses purporting to explain the pattern of similarities and differences in facial strain observed among living primates. Several types of primary data will be collected that are fundamental to a complete understanding of primate feeding mechanics. These data include (1) in vivo and in vitro bone strain, (2) electromyography, physiological cross-sectional area and muscle fiber orientation of the muscles of mastication, (3) three-dimensional information about craniofacial geometry, and (4) material properties of craniofacial bones and sutures. Functional hypotheses will be tested by integrating these data using finite element analysis, a widely used engineering technique designed to examine how objects of complex geometry deform under load. The initial phase of this research has two components. The first component will entail the modification of a finite element model of the craniofacial skeleton of Macaca to incorporate new data (muscle and bone properties, EMG, and in vitro and in vivo bone strain) to develop a model approach to the study of primate craniofacial structure and function. This phase will enable the researchers to demonstrate the viability of the proposed methods, their ability to integrate vast amounts of diverse types of data, and the significance of the various types of data for understanding adaptions related to the functional morphology of the craniofacial apparatus. The second component will include preliminary analysis of the significance of structural and functional differences between anthropoids and strepsirrhines through initial studies of Eulemur fulvus and Cebus capucinus. Following analysis of the results of this initial project, the investigators will apply for funds to expand the sample sizes and/or the taxonomic scope of the study, as indicated by our findings.This research will have a broad social impact. It will: (a) provide the broadest examination yet of facial biomechanics; such basic science research will find applications in clinical sciences related to the craniofacial development, growth, pathology, and trauma, (b) using FE models, limit the need for, or at least increase the analytical power of, future experimental studies requiring the use of live animals, (c) demonstrate the inherent interdisciplinarity of physical anthropology, (d) provide an example of how complex systems can be analyzed using a combination of empirical data and computational modeling, (e) strengthen collaborations between anthropologists in five universities, and (f) provide funding to graduate students at three universities.

这里提出的研究需要对灵长类动物咀嚼生物力学进行全面分析的初始阶段。 主要目标是（1）确定主要生物力学变量（骨骼几何形状、材料特性和外力）如何影响面部骨骼应变模式，以及（2）测试旨在解释面部骨骼应变模式相似性和差异的假设。在活体灵长类动物中观察到面部紧张。 将收集几种类型的原始数据，这些数据对于全面了解灵长类动物的进食机制至关重要。 这些数据包括（1）体内和体外骨应变，（2）肌电图、咀嚼肌的生理横截面积和肌纤维方向，（3）有关颅面几何形状的三维信息，以及（4）材料颅面骨和缝合线的特性。 功能假设将通过使用有限元分析整合这些数据来测试，有限元分析是一种广泛使用的工程技术，旨在检查复杂几何形状的物体在负载下如何变形。 这项研究的初始阶段有两个组成部分。 第一个部分将需要修改猕猴颅面骨骼的有限元模型，以纳入新数据（肌肉和骨骼特性、肌电图以及体外和体内骨应变），以开发研究灵长类颅面骨骼的模型方法结构和功能。 这一阶段将使研究人员能够证明所提出方法的可行性、整合大量不同类型数据的能力，以及各种类型数据对于理解与颅面装置功能形态相关的适应性的重要性。 第二部分将包括通过对 Eulemur fulvus 和 Cebus capucinus 的初步研究，初步分析类人猿和链球菌之间结构和功能差异的重要性。 正如我们的研究结果所示，在分析了这个初始项目的结果后，研究人员将申请资金来扩大研究的样本量和/或分类范围。这项研究将产生广泛的社会影响。 它将： (a) 提供迄今为止最广泛的面部生物力学检查；此类基础科学研究将在与颅面发育、生长、病理学和创伤相关的临床科学中找到应用，(b) 使用有限元模型，限制未来实验研究的需要，或至少提高其分析能力活体动物的研究，(c) 证明体质人类学固有的跨学科性，(d) 提供如何结合经验数据和计算模型来分析复杂系统的示例，(e) 加强人类学家在五个方面的合作(f) 为三所大学的研究生提供资金。