Life History Trait Plasticity and Adaptations to Stochastic Environmental Divergences: High Arctic Charr

生活史特征的可塑性和对随机环境差异的适应：高北极夏尔

• 批准号: 0223685
• 负责人: Richard Radtke
• 金额: $ 14.5万
• 依托单位: Sea of Dreams Foundation, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-01-01 至 2002-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0223685&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Life; History; Trait; Plasticity; Adaptations

This project represents an interdisciplinary study to test the hypothesis that stochastic climate and habitat variation play a decisive role in the development of life history traits, adaptation mechanisms and population composition in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in high Arctic freshwater systems. The study combines geophysical observations with ecological, retrospective and genetic studies. The circumpolar Arctic charr is ideal for the study of how environmental factors affect life history, population structure and diversity in fishes. Charr populations demonstrate a tremendous ecological plasticity and adaptations to harsh environments. Arctic charr is the only freshwater fish in the high Arctic and, as elsewhere, has a broad range of life-history strategies including anadromous, resident and landlocked populations. In lake systems with migrating charr, the population may consist of a mixture of parr, postsmolt and adult migratory individuals, as well as small-sized resident, large-sized resident and large formerly resident individuals transformed to anadromy. Determination of the effect of the environment upon phenotype, genotype and life history relies upon detailed information about environmental conditions, developmental rates, genetic information, migration rates and mortality in extreme conditions. In this study charr populations from lake systems from the Thule, Disko, Nuuk and Julianehaab, Greenland and Ellesmere Island, Canada areas will be compared. Charr in all systems experience highly stochastic environments. Whereas adaptive, genetic and behavioral mechanisms associated with migration are well known for salmonid fish at lower latitudes, knowledge about such mechanisms in anadromous charr inhabiting high latitude environments are still fragmentary. In general, mechanisms associated with seasonal events must be pre-adaptive. How such pre-adaptive mechanisms are timed with, and influenced by, the unpredictable physical conditions allowing for charr migration in high Arctic systems will be the main topic of this propject.

该项目代表了一项跨学科的研究，以检验以下假设：在高北极淡水淡水系统中，北极Charr（Salvelinus alpinus）在生活历史特征，适应机制和种群组成的发展中起决定性作用。该研究将地球物理观察结果与生态，回顾性和遗传研究结合在一起。圆极北极Charr非常适合研究环境因素如何影响鱼类的生活历史，种群结构和多样性。 查尔人口表现出极大的生态可塑性和对恶劣环境的适应性。北极查尔（Charr）是北极高的唯一淡水鱼，与其他地方一样，具有广泛的生活史策略，包括动荡不安，居民和内陆人群。在具有Charr迁移的湖泊系统中，人口可能包括Parr，Postmolt和成年迁徙的个体的混合物，以及小型居民，大型居民和大型居民，转变为Anadromy。 确定环境对表型，基因型和生命史的影响取决于有关环境条件，发育率，遗传信息，迁移率和在极端条件下的死亡率的详细信息。在这项研究中，将比较来自Thule，Disko，Nuuk和Julianehaab，Greenland和Canada Ellesmere岛的湖系统的Charr人群。 Charr在所有系统中都有高度随机的环境。 虽然与迁移相关的自适应，遗传和行为机制是较低纬度的鲑鱼鱼，但对居住在高纬度环境中的不良Charr中这种机制的知识仍然是碎片的。通常，与季节性事件相关的机制必须预先自适应。这种自适应前机制如何定时并受到允许在高北极系统中进行CHAR迁移的不可预测的身体状况的影响，这将是该预言的主要主题。