Biomarker and Isotope Studies of Organic Matter Cycling in the Black Sea: A Focus on Bacteria and Archaea

黑海有机物循环的生物标志物和同位素研究：重点关注细菌和古细菌

• 批准号: 0117824
• 负责人: Stuart Wakeham
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-15 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0117824&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Biomarker; Isotope; Studies; Organic; Matter

ABSTRACTOCE-0117824The study, a collaboration between Skidaway researchers and a group at Texel (NIOZ -Netherlands) will carry out molecular biomarker studies of particulate organic matter (POM) and surface sediments of the Black Sea in order to delineate the distributions of archaeal and bacterial biomarkers, and putatively their source microorganisms. The Black Sea environment is chosen to provide a strongly stratified, yet readily sampled, bioreactor system that is characteristic of anoxic marine basins, past and present. Anaerobic methane oxidation, a globally important but poorly understood process in such systems is of considerable interest, given recent suggestions that archael species may be much more common in oxic and euphotic oceanic environments than previously thought. Membrane lipids, derived from the isoprenoid skeletons of di- and tetraethers, are a diverse group of compounds whose presence provides a useful diagnostic for the presence of thermophilic, psychrophilic and other groups amongst the Archaea. The identification of which archael groups inhabit what microhabitat (oxic, anoxic, hypoxic etc) zones within the water column and underlying sediments is likely to be an important key to the interpretation of other synoptic assessments of their microbial ecology, community structure and function. Lipid measurements, readily made by modern GC, GC-MS and LC-MS techniques, may enhance and extend proposed detailed and exacting genomic probing of these complex microbial systems.Additional insight into carbon cycling and preservation in the Black Sea system will be gained from investigation of the 13C stable isotopic composition of these molecular biological indicators. Such measurements are increasingly made possible by compound specific isotopic analysis (csia) methods. Broader impacts into the study of organic matter cycling in the Black Sea relate to continued definition of the impact of archaeal prokaryotes on the earth's biogeochemical cycles, their role in consuming sedimentary and water column CH4 (which may otherwise be a very important greenhouse gas), use of their lipid biomarkers in reconstructing past climate change, and clues to further specification of their exotic cellular and enzymic biochemistries.

Abstractoce -0117824这项研究是Skidaway研究人员与Texel（Nioz -Netherlands）组之间的合作，将对颗粒有机物（POM）进行分子生物标志物研究（POM）和黑海的表面沉积物，以划定古细菌和细菌生物标志物的分布，并将其源源和构成源的分布。选择黑海洋环境是为了提供一个强烈的分层，但很容易采样的生物反应器系统，它是过去和现在的缺氧海洋盆地的特征。厌氧甲烷氧化是一种在这种系统中的全球重要但知之甚少的过程，鉴于最近的建议，即阿克物种在熟和兴奋的海洋环境中可能比以前认为的更为普遍。膜脂质是源自二甲虫和四人的异丙因骨架，是一组多样化的化合物，其存在为古细菌中的嗜热，精神嗜和其他群体提供了有用的诊断。 ARCHAEL群体居住在水柱和潜在沉积物中的微型栖息地（毒性，缺氧，低氧等）区域的鉴定可能是解释其微生物生态学，社区结构和功能的其他概要评估的重要关键。脂质测量很容易由现代GC，GC-MS和LC-MS技术进行，可能会增强和扩展对这些复杂微生物系统的详细且严格的基因组探测。在对黑色SEA系统中碳循环和保存的ADDICENTAL洞察力将从对13C稳定的这些稳定的同位素型组合构图中获得这些碳循环和保存。通过复合特定的同位素分析（CSIA）方法，使这种测量变得越来越成为可能。对黑海有机物循环的研究的更广泛的影响与持续定义了古细菌对地球的生物地球化学周期的影响，它们在消耗沉积和水柱CH4中的作用，否则可能是非常重要的温室气体（可能是非常重要的温室气体），以前的脂质生物标志物在脂质生物标记中的使用，并在速度上进行了循环及其在气候变化方面的特定范围，以使其在exiution and cellimate and climatient and exifitive and exulitival and exulity and exulity and exulitius and exitival and exitive and exitival and exitive and exitival and exural of他们生物化学。