Collaborative Research: A Quantitative Assessment of Mineral Ballasts in Carbon Export and Remineralization

合作研究：碳输出和再矿化中矿物压载物的定量评估

• 批准号: 0136318
• 负责人: Stuart Wakeham
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Skidaway Institute of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-04-15 至 2005-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0136318&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Quantitative; Assessment; Mineral

ABSTRACTOCE-0136370 / OCE-0136387 / OCE-0136318Sinking particulate matter is the major vehicle for exporting carbon from the sea surface to the ocean interior. During its transit towards the sea floor, most particulate organic carbon (POC) is returned to inorganic form and redistributed in the water column. This redistribution determines the surface concentration of dissolved CO2 , and hence the rate at which the ocean can absorb CO2 from the atmosphere. The ability to predict quantitatively the depth profile of remineralization is therefore critical to predicting the response of the global carbon cycle to environmental change. In this study, researchers at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, the University of Washington, and the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography will collaborate with colleagues in Monaco and France to test the hypothesis that minerals produced by organisms, or introduced into the surface ocean by winds, critically influence carbon export to the deep ocean and sediments. They will carry out a multi-tracer approach to explicitly consider different mineral "ballast" types, along with the associated organic matter and radioisotopes. Their first hypothesis is that ballast minerals physically protect a fraction of their associated total organic matter, which persists to predominate over the unprotected fraction in the lower (1000 m) part of the water column. Understanding the mechanistic basis of such processes will require an understanding of organic-mineral interaction at the compound-specific level. They hypothesize secondly that the ratio of organic carbon to ballast is key to predicting variability in the export fluxes and sinking velocities of organic carbon as estimated using radiotracers. The overall goal is to develop a seamless description of carbon fluxes and associated mineral ballast fluxes throughout the water column. To achieve this goal, the research team will measure simultaneously a suite of properties that are thought to be indicative of fluxes. They will synthesize these measurements from the top of the water column to the sediments using a variety of modeling and statistical techniques. The strategy is to unite the power of several disciplines: (i) organic geochemistry for characterizing organic matter in protected and unprotected forms and determining its degradation state; (ii) radiochemistry for assessing processes and time-scales involved in particle dynamics and transport; (iii) zooplankton ecology for assessing radioisotope partitioning and organic biomarker alteration; and (iv) microbiology for its role in organic matter decomposition, and (v) modeling and statistical analyses to provide a process-based model of flux out of the euphotic zone to the sea floor.

Abstractoce-0136370 / OCE-0136387 / OCE-0136318SINKENING颗粒物是将碳从海面出口到海洋内部的主要工具。在向海底的过渡过程中，大多数颗粒物有机碳（POC）返回到无机形式，并在水柱中重新分布。这种重新分布决定了溶解的二氧化碳的表面浓度，因此海洋可以从大气中吸收二氧化碳的速率。因此，定量预测回忆性的深度曲线的能力对于预测全球碳循环对环境变化的响应至关重要。在这项研究中，纽约州立大学斯托尼·布鲁克（Stony Brook），华盛顿大学（University of Washington）和海洋学研究所的研究人员将与摩纳哥和法国的同事合作，以检验以下假设：生物体生产的矿物质，或者是通过风引入了地表海洋，对碳质量影响到深海和矿物质的碳进出。他们将采取一种多追踪方法，以明确考虑不同的矿物“镇流器”类型，以及相关的有机物和放射性同位素。他们的第一个假设是，压载矿物在物理上保护其相关的总有机物的一部分，这在水柱的下部（1000 m）部分中一直占主导地位。了解此类过程的机械基础将需要了解化合物特异性水平上有机矿物质相互作用。他们假设有机碳与压载物的比率是预测使用放射性示例估计的有机碳的出口通量和下沉速度的变化的关键。总体目标是在整个水柱中开发对碳通量和相关的矿物质压量通量的无缝描述。为了实现这一目标，研究团队将同时测量一套被认为是通量的属性。他们将使用各种建模和统计技术合成从水柱顶部到沉积物的这些测量值。策略是将几个学科的力量团结起来：（i）有机地球化学以保护有机物和未受保护形式的有机物并确定其降解状态； （ii）评估参与粒子动态和运输的过程和时间尺度的放射化学； （iii）浮游生物生态学用于评估放射性同位素分配和有机生物标志物的改变； （iv）微生物学在有机物分解中的作用，以及（v）建模和统计分析，以向海底提供基于过程的通量模型。