DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Invasion of Aquatic Habitats as an Evolutionary Process

论文研究：水生栖息地的入侵作为一个进化过程

基本信息

批准号：
9623649
负责人：
Bruce Frost
金额：
$ 1万
依托单位：
University of Washington
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1996-06-01 至 1998-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9623649&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
DISSERTATION RESEARCH Invasion Aquatic Habitats

项目摘要

This project uses a powerful approach for studying species invasion by combining methods of evolutionary genetics and physiological ecology. The focus is on the invasion of freshwater habitats by a marine and estuarine planktonic copepod, Eurytemora affinis. Two alternative hypotheses could account for its invasion of freshwater habitats. Freshwater colonizations have been (A) multiple independent events, or (B) rare events followed by dispersal among similar habitats. The goals of this project are (1) to test these hypotheses by reconstructing the history of colonization, (2) to determine changes in physiological traits during habitat transitions, and (3) to determine whether habitat transitions occur through genetic adaptation or acclimation. The history and geographic pathway of colonization will be determined by constructing a phylogeny of 12 populations of copepods from different salinities using DNA sequences from two genes. Breadth of salinity tolerance will be determined for 6 populations, then mapped onto the phylogeny to determine how physiological traits change during habitat transitions. Response to changes in salinity will be measured to determine whether habitat transitions involve genetic adaptation of populations or individual acclimation. The introduction of exotic species into aquatic habitats is an issue of major environmental concern. This research will reveal important processes involved in habitat transitions, and contribute to our understanding of habitat invasions, local adaptation, as well as intraspecific genetic and physiological diversity.

该项目通过结合进化遗传学和生理生态学方法，使用强大的方法来研究物种侵袭。重点是海洋和河口浮游生物Copepod，Eurytemora affinis入侵淡水栖息地。两个替代假设可以解释其入侵淡水栖息地。淡水定殖是（a）多个独立事件，或（b）罕见事件，然后在类似栖息地之间扩散。该项目的目标是（1）通过重建殖民历史，（2）来确定栖息地过渡期间生理特征的变化，以及（3）确定栖息地过渡是否通过遗传适应或适应发生。定植的历史和地理途径将通过使用来自两个基因的DNA序列构建来自不同盐度的12种copepods的系统发育来确定。将确定6个种群的盐度耐受性广度，然后映射到系统发育中，以确定生理特征在栖息地过渡期间如何变化。将测量对盐度变化的反应，以确定栖息地过渡是否涉及人群的遗传适应或个人适应。将外来物种引入水生栖息地是一个主要的环境问题的问题。这项研究将揭示栖息地过渡涉及的重要过程，并有助于我们对栖息地入侵，局部适应以及种内遗传和生理多样性的理解。