Physiological Mechanisms in the Control of Bioluminescent Camouflage Behavior

控制生物发光伪装行为的生理机制

• 批准号: 9601069
• 负责人: Michael Latz
• 金额: $ 12万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-08-15 至 1999-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9601069&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Physiological; Mechanisms; Control; Bioluminescent; Camouflage

9601069 Latz In the midwater depths of the ocean, the largest habitat on earth, there are few refuges from predation. Some animals have evolved an extraordinary anti-predation behavior using bioluminescent countershading to help them remain cryptic to visual predators. This strategy, called counterillumination, involves the biological production of dim light from the ventral surface of many fishes, squids, and shrimps in order to disrupt their silhouette. As yet Dr. Latz does not have a comprehensive understanding of the physiological pathways that regulate how vision mediates the production of bioluminescence for countershading. In the midwater penaeid shrimp Sergestes similis, a common member of the midwater community off the west coast of the U.S., the interaction of both hormonal and neural systems may be involved in the control of counterillumination. The goal of the present study is to obtain pilot data from which to develop a model for the physiological control of luminescent countershading behavior in Sergestes similis. His previous work has demonstrated that S. similis is a stable laboratory preparation; it counterilluminates in response to downward-directed illumination, detected by the eyes, with light emission from five light organs that are modified portions of the hepatopancreas (liver). Dr. Latz has suggested that two control systems, one hormonal and the other neural, regulate the induction and control of counterillumination. In the present study the following hypotheses will be addressed: (1) the induction of bioluminescence involves a hormonal pathway, (2) a hormone which helps regulate the intensity sensitivity of the eye is responsible for the induction of bioluminescence, so that (3) the induction of bioluminescence is linked to light adaptation of the eye, and (4) once induced, the control of counterillumination involves a neural pathway. The main area of study will identify the physiological mechanisms controlling light emission. Tests using extracts of the eyestalk s and purified hormones will determine whether a hormonal component is involved in bioluminescence induction, and if so, identity the hormone. Bioluminescence will be used as a behavioral assay of the color and intensity sensitivity of the eye. Collaborative work will compare the sensitivity of the photoreceptors with behavioral tests of visual sensitivity. The importance of studying the physiological mechanisms of bioluminescence in Sergestes similis extends beyond understanding how midwater animals control luminescent countershading behavior. If a hormone is involved, this would be the first documentation of hormonal control of bioluminescence in any animal, and a significant contribution to the field of endocrinology by identifying an entirely new target system. Because counterilluminating animals directly respond to their optical environment, an understanding of the control of bioluminescence also provides an insight into the poorly understood vision of deep-sea animals. Overall, this study will be a major contribution toward understanding the physiological control of bioluminescence, one of the most widespread yet enigmatic behaviors in the ocean.

9601069 LATZ在海洋深处，地球上最大的栖息地，几乎没有捕食。一些动物使用生物发光的反载体进化出了非凡的抗侵蚀行为，以帮助它们对视觉掠食者保持神秘。这种称为反浮雕的策略涉及许多鱼类，鱿鱼和虾的腹表面的昏暗光生成，以破坏其轮廓。到目前为止，LATZ博士尚无对调节视力如何介导对胶的生物发光产生的生理途径的全面了解。在美国西海岸的中间社区的常见成员Similis中，荷尔蒙和神经系统的相互作用可能参与反膨胀的控制。 本研究的目的是获取先导数据，从中开发一个模型，用于Sergestes Similis中的轻度发光副膜行为的生理控制。他以前的工作表明，西米利斯是稳定的实验室准备。它因眼睛检测到的向下定向照明而反释放，并从五个轻型器官（肝脏）改性部分的光线发射。 LATZ博士建议，一种控制系统，一种激素和另一种神经，调节反灌溉的诱导和控制。 In the present study the following hypotheses will be addressed: (1) the induction of bioluminescence involves a hormonal pathway, (2) a hormone which helps regulate the intensity sensitivity of the eye is responsible for the induction of bioluminescence, so that (3) the induction of bioluminescence is linked to light adaptation of the eye, and (4) once induced, the control of counterillumination involves a neural路径。研究的主要领域将确定控制光发射的生理机制。使用眼神S提取物和纯化激素的提取物的测试将确定激素成分是否参与生物发光诱导，如果是的，则是激素的身份。生物发光将用作眼睛颜色和强度灵敏度的行为测定。协作工作将比较感光体的灵敏度与视觉灵敏度的行为测试。 研究Sergestes中生物发光的生理机制的重要性超出了了解中间动物如何控制发光的反乳头行为的重要性。如果涉及激素，这将是任何动物中生物发光的激素控制的第一个文献，并且通过确定一个全新的目标系统对内分泌学领域做出了重大贡献。由于反至今动物直接响应其光学环境，因此对生物发光的控制的理解也可以深入了解深海动物的视力不足。总体而言，这项研究将是理解生物发光的生理控制的主要贡献，这是海洋中最广泛但最神秘的行为之一。