Neuroanatomical Analysis of the Motoneuron Pools in Vertebrates

脊椎动物运动神经元库的神经解剖学分析

• 批准号: 9318681
• 负责人: James Ryan
• 金额: $ 9.59万
• 依托单位: Hobart and William Smith Colleges
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-06-15 至 1997-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9318681&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Neuroanatomical; Analysis; Motoneuron; Pools; Vertebrates

9318681 Ryan All vertebrates use their forelimbs for locomotion whether it be for walking, swimming or flying. Yet there is a great deal of diversity in forelimbs: The wings of a bird are anatomically different from the wings of bats, the flippers of a seal, and the legs of a mouse. Despite these structural and functional differences, the neurons from the brain and spinal cord responsible for controlling movement are thought to be "wired" in basically the same manner in all vertebrates. This has come to be known as the motor control conservatism hypothesis. In this research, Dr. James Ryan will test the conservatism hypothesis by locating and comparing the populations of neurons controlling forelimb movements in vertebrates that use a primitive type of locomotion (lizards) with those that use more advanced types of locomotion (bats and birds). For example the split second maneuvers of a flying bat as it homes in upon a moth illustrate the precise sensorimotor control of the forelimbs that is possible. Bats are the only mammals capable of powered flight, and they evolved flight independently from birds. These three organisms represent ideal models for the the comparative study of locomotion control by the nervous system. Ultimately, this research will lead to the formation of a general model of the neural control of vertebrate locomotion. ***

9318681瑞安（Ryan）所有脊椎动物都使用其前肢进行运动，无论是走路，游泳还是飞行。 然而，前肢有很大的多样性：鸟的翅膀在解剖学上与蝙蝠的翅膀，密封的拖鞋和老鼠的腿有所不同。 尽管存在这些结构性和功能差异，但在所有脊椎动物中，脑和脊髓的神经元基本上都以相同的方式“有线”。 这已被称为运动控制保守主义假设。 在这项研究中，詹姆斯·瑞安（James Ryan）博士将通过定位和比较使用脊椎动物中前肢运动的神经元的种群来检验保守主义假说，这些神经元的种群使用使用原始类型的运动（蜥蜴）与使用更高级类型的运动（蝙蝠和鸟类）的人群。 例如，在飞蛾上回家时，飞行蝙蝠的第二次操纵说明了可能的前肢的精确感觉运动控制。 蝙蝠是唯一能够飞行的哺乳动物，它们独立于鸟类发展。 这三个生物代表了神经系统对运动控制的比较研究的理想模型。 最终，这项研究将导致形成脊椎动物运动神经控制的一般模型。 ***