RAPID: Rejuvenation of the University of New Hampshire (UNH)'s Neutron Monitor Network

RAPID：新罕布什尔大学 (UNH) 中子监测网络的复兴

• 批准号: 1838512
• 负责人: James Ryan
• 金额: $ 3.5万
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1838512&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Rejuvenation; University; New; Hampshire

This one-year RAPID project is aimed at supporting the continued operations and the full rejuvenation of the University of New Hampshire (UNH) network comprised of three neutron monitor (NM) sites: the summit of Mount Washington, Durham, New Hampshire and Leadville, Colorado. The three stations are important because they enable long-term cosmic-ray modulation studies with a data base dating back six Solar Cycles. The NMs are the legacy workhorse instruments for heliospheric physics. Because of their simplicity, ruggedness, and tolerance for mis-adjustment, they have registered numerous transient phenomena, i.e., ground level enhancements (GLE) and Forbush decreases (FD) for more than a half century. They have also been used to monitor the global galactic cosmic-ray intensity that has served as a measure of solar-induced heliospheric activity and has also been used to quantify the dynamics of the transport of cosmic rays within the heliosphere. Conducting these measurements over several Solar Cycles, for example, revealed the 22-year charge-sign dependent heliospheric drift. When treating the global network of NMs as a single magnetic spectrometer, the cosmic-ray spectrum of these phenomena can be measured from the atmospheric cutoff rigidity at high latitudes to almost 20 GV, the geomagnetic cut-off of the most equatorial station. UNH owns and operates three stations in this network. A fourth (Climax) is moribund, and a fifth (Maui), is irreparably decommissioned. The intent of this project is to return the three operating UNH neutron monitors to a complete operational status and support their operation for one year.This one-year RAPID project allows time-critical hardware fixes (controllers and barometers), data processing and recording, overdue maintenance and contractual arrangements with host organizations. Of particular urgency is the full return of the Leadville station to supplant the data stream formerly produced by the Climax monitor. These NM data, along with those of the other instruments in the global network, are critical to interpretation of spacecraft data and the collective measurements of GLEs. Partially filled requests from other investigators for data from one or more of these instruments illustrates their importance to the system. The project provides the means to bring all three stations up to standards by the end of 2018. The three stations are important because they enable long-term cosmic-ray modulation studies with a data base dating back six solar cycles. They are also important for GLE studies, providing "ground truth" for measurements such as PAMELA and AMS. The PAMELA studies by the project team indicate that to fully appreciate and interpret space-based measurements, NM measurements are necessary.This project helps support the non-profit Mount Washington Observatory, which is a meteorological and science resource for the entire New England community. For the international community, it enables the spectrum analysis of GLEs with NMs during impulsive anisotropic phases of an event. This is possible with the South Pole instruments, but the yield function of Polar PolarBARE is very different. A northern hemisphere functionality provided by Mount Washington and Durham complements and augments the South Pole system. It provides an educational experience for an undergraduate student, who is now re-formatting the NM data from all three instruments and exporting those data to the Real-time Neutron Monitor Database (NMDB). The research agenda of this RAPID project supports the Strategic Goals of the AGS Division in discovery, learning, diversity, and interdisciplinary research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个为期一年的快速项目旨在支持由三个中子监测仪（NM）地点组成的新罕布什尔大学（UNH）网络的持续运营和全面的恢复活力：华盛顿山，新罕布什尔州，新罕布什尔州和科罗拉多州的Leadville的峰会。 这三个站点很重要，因为它们可以通过数据库启用长期宇宙射线调制研究，可追溯到六个太阳能周期。 NMS是用于地球物理学的传统主力仪器。 由于它们的简单性，坚固性和对错误调整的耐受性，他们已经注册了众多短暂现象，即，地面增强（GLE）和Forbush降低（FD）超过半个世纪。 它们还被用于监测已作为太阳能诱导的地球层活性的量度的全局银河宇宙射线强度，并且还用于量化宇宙射线在地球层内的运输动力学。 例如，在几个太阳循环上进行这些测量结果表明，依赖22年的电荷符号依赖性地球层漂移。 当将NMS的全局网络视为单个磁光谱仪时，这些现象的宇宙射线光谱可以从高纬度的大气截止刚度到近20 gV，这是最赤道站的地磁切割。 UNH拥有并在此网络中运营三个站点。 第四个（高潮）是垂死的，第五（毛伊岛）是无法弥补的退役。 该项目的目的是将三个操作的UNH中子监视器归还完整的操作状态并支持其一年的运营。这项一年的快速项目允许时间关键的时间限制硬件修复程序（控制器和气压计），数据处理和记录，逾期维护和与主机组织的合同安排。 特别紧迫的是Leadville站的全部返回，以取代Climax Monitor以前生产的数据流。 这些NM数据以及全球网络中其他工具的数据对于对航天器数据的解释和GLES的集体测量至关重要。 来自其他研究人员的某种或多种仪器的数据的部分填写请求说明了它们对系统的重要性。 该项目提供了将所有三个电台在2018年底之前提高标准的手段。这三个站很重要，因为它们可以通过数据库进行长期宇宙射线调制研究，该研究基础可追溯到六个太阳能周期。 它们对于GLE研究也很重要，为Pamela和AMS等测量提供了“基础真理”。 项目团队的Pamela研究表明，为了充分欣赏和解释基于空间的测量，NM测量值是必要的。该项目有助于支持华盛顿山观测站，这是整个新英格兰社区的气象和科学资源。 对于国际社会，它可以在事件的冲动各向异性阶段对NMS的GLE进行频谱分析。 南极仪器可以使用这种情况，但是极地极性的产量函数却大不相同。 华盛顿山和达勒姆提供的北半球功能补充并增强了南极系统。 它为本科生提供了教育经验，他现在正在重新编辑所有三种仪器中的NM数据，并将这些数据导出到实时中子监视器数据库（NMDB）。 该快速项目的研究议程支持了AGS部门在发现，学习，多样性和跨学科研究方面的战略目标。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力优点评估和更广泛的影响来支持的。

项目成果

Solar Energetic Particle Events Observed by the PAMELA Mission

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aacc26
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: A. Bruno;G. Bazilevskaya;M. Boezio;E. Christian;G. Nolfo;M. Martucci;M. Mergé;V. Mikhailov;R. Munini;Ian G. Richardson;Ian G. Richardson;James Ryan;S. Stochaj;O. Adriani;G. Barbarino;R. Bellotti;É. Bogomolov;M. Bongi;V. Bonvicini;S. Bottai;F. Cafagna;D. Campana;P. Carlson;M. Casolino;G. Castellini;C. Santis;V. Felice;A. Galper;A. Karelin;S. Koldashov;S. Koldobskiy;S. Krutkov;A. Kvashnin;A. Leonov;V. Malakhov;L. Marcelli;A. Mayorov;W. Menn;E. Mocchiutti;A. Monaco;N. Mori;G. Osteria;B. Panico;P. Papini;M. Pearce;P. Picozza;M. Ricci;S. Ricciarini;M. Simon;R. Sparvoli;P. Spillantini;P. Spillantini;Y. Stozhkov;A. Vacchi;E. Vannuccini;G. Vasilyev;S. Voronov;Y. Yurkin;G. Zampa;N. Zampa

Comparing Long-duration Gamma-Ray Flares and High-energy Solar Energetic Particles

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab258f
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: G. A. Nolfo;A. Bruno;J. Ryan;Silvia Dalla;J. Giacalone;Ian G. Richardson;Ian G. Richardson;E. Christian;S. Stochaj;G. Bazilevskaya;M. Boezio;M. Martucci;V. Mikhailov;R. Munini