Prehispanic Intensive Agricultural Systems in the Llanos de Mojos of Bolivia

玻利维亚利亚诺斯德莫霍斯的前西班牙集约农业系统

• 批准号: 9212339
• 负责人: Clark Erickson
• 金额: $ 15.2万
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-07-01 至 1995-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9212339&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Prehispanic; Intensive; Agricultural; Systems; Llanos

With National Science Foundation support Dr. Clark Erickson will study prehistoric agricultural systems of the Llanos de Mojos of northeastern Bolivia. This region, part of the vast upper Amazon drainage basin, is one of the largest areas of seasonally inundated grassland savanna in the world, covering some 145,000 square kilometers. During the rainy season of 4-6 months the area is inundated and the alteration of marked wet and dry seasons and the waterlogged and heavy soils have a significant impact on contemporary land use patterns. Past indigenous populations developed a complex system of massive earthworks to solve the problems of water control and agriculture. Dr. Erickson will attempt to reconstruct how this worked. To accomplish this he will conduct a number of activities. Aerial photographs and ground survey will be employed to locate the most extensive and best preserved raised field complexes and canal-causeway networks. Accurate topographic maps will also be made. With this as a basis key agricultural structures will be excavated. Long stratigraphic trenches will be dug perpendicular to raised fields causeways and canals to determine their original profiles, individual building stages, post-depositional erosional history, and chronology of use and abandonment. In situ materials will serve both to date and determine how fields were constructed and used. This research is important for several reasons. It will shed new light on the prehistory of a little known area of the world and produce data of interest to many archaeologists. It will also help to devise subsistence strategies which will be of direct use in many regions. In some tropical areas prehistoric population exceeded its modern counterpart. This most likely is due to the use of appropriate technologies which have since been lost. Dr. Erickson will help to recover them.

借助国家科学基金会支持克拉克·埃里克森（Clark Erickson）博士将研究玻利维亚东北部Llanos de Mojos的史前农业系统。该地区是广阔的上亚马逊排水盆地的一部分，是世界上季节性淹没的草地稀树草原中最大的地区之一，覆盖了约145,000平方公里。在4-6个月的雨季中，该区域被淹没，明显的潮湿季节的改变，而淹水和沉重的土壤对当代土地利用方式产生了重大影响。过去的土著人口开发了一个复杂的大规模土壤工程系统，以解决水控制​​和农业的问题。 Erickson博士将尝试重建如何工作。为此，他将进行许多活动。航拍照片和地面调查将被用于定位最广泛，保存最完好的田野建筑群和运河循环网络。 还将制作准确的地形图。以此为基础，将发掘关键的农业结构。长的地层沟渠将垂直于凸起的田野堤道和运河，以确定其原始剖面，单个建筑阶段，沉积后侵蚀史以及使用和放弃的年代学。迄今为止，原位材料将既服务并确定如何构建和使用场。 这项研究很重要，原因有几个。它将为世界鲜为人知的地区的史前史提供新的启示，并为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它还将有助于制定生存策略，这些策略将在许多地区直接使用。在某些热带地区，史前人口超过了现代人。这很可能是由于使用此后丢失的适当技术。埃里克森博士将帮助他们恢复。