Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Minaspata Archaeological Project: Wari Colonialism in the Lucre Basin, Cuzco, Peru

博士论文改进补助金：米斯帕塔考古项目：秘鲁库斯科卢克雷盆地的瓦里殖民主义

• 批准号: 1332287
• 负责人: Clark Erickson
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-01 至 2014-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1332287&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Minaspata

Under the guidance of Dr. Clark Erickson, Thomas Hardy will direct excavations at the archaeological site of Minaspata, located in the Lucre Basin near Cuzco, Peru. Minaspata is relevant to understanding the long-term rise of social and political complexity in the Cuzco region, eventually culminating in the rise of the Inca Empire (AD 1400-1532), but of particular importance is the period from AD 600-1000. Known as the Middle Horizon in Peru, this period is marked by the pan-regional dominance of the Wari state, located several hundred miles to the west in the modern city of Ayacucho. The Wari state expanded outward slightly before AD 600, likely conquering several regions in south-central Peru and establishing colonies throughout these annexed territories. However, without the aid of a writing system, relatively little is known about the political structure of this colonizing state, or about the social and cultural effects Wari domination had on local populations - in part, because few local Middle Horizon sites have been studied in peripheral Wari regions. Minaspata provides an ideal opportunity to examine the effects of colonization in more detail, as the site was occupied from as early as 800 BC until the end of the arrival of Spanish conquistadors in AD 1532. Mr. Hardy's research will employ recent theoretical advancements and high-tech methodologies to examine the social and cultural transformations which occurred at Minaspata as a result of Wari colonization, which will in turn shed light on the colonial strategies which pre-Columbian complex polities employed to establish and maintain sovereignty.Archaeological research in the Cuzco area has revealed a highly intensive Wari presence particularly in the Lucre Basin. The most notable sign of this investment is the massive site of Pikillacta, located 1 kilometer from Minaspata, which is the largest Wari site in Peru outside of the capital city itself. Limited excavations at Minaspata in the 1960's suggested that the site maintained a local character during the Middle Horizon, which would contradict assumptions archaeologists have made regarding the nature of the Wari state in the Cuzco area. A useful concept which Mr. Hardy will employ is that of cultural hybridity, which can be used to examine the degrees to which local populations adopted various Wari social and cultural practices into their lives. This can be determined by analyzing archaeological remains recovered in excavations, such as the production and design of tools and crafts (particularly ceramics), transformations in architectural construction and layout, shifts in food production and consumption practices, and changes in ritual and mortuary practices. The results will have larger implications for understanding of colonialism, both modern and ancient.This research will seek to have broader impacts beyond these topics presented. Mr. Hardy will use these investigations for his dissertation, and will seek to build on the data in future field seasons. The project will also involve student archaeologists from the United States as well as from Peru, promoting international cooperation between future scholars, as well as providing experience to aspiring archaeologists from a variety of backgrounds. The results of this project will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications in both the U.S. and in South America, and the raw data will be made available for public use online. Finally, the project will involve analyses made at laboratories in Peru and in the U.S., promoting the integration of scientific techniques with more humanistic anthropological and archaeological theory.

在克拉克·埃里克森（Clark Erickson）博士的指导下，托马斯·哈迪（Thomas Hardy）将在位于秘鲁库兹科（Cuzco）附近的卢塞尔盆地的Minaspata的考古遗址上进行发掘。 Minaspata与了解库斯科地区的社会和政治复杂性的长期兴起有关，最终在印加帝国的崛起（AD 1400-1532）中达到最终形式，但尤其重要的是公元600 - 1000年的时期。这一时期被称为秘鲁的中间地平线，以瓦里州的泛区域优势为标志，位于现代城市阿亚库乔（Ayacucho）的西部几百英里处。 瓦里州在公元600年之前略微向外扩展，可能会征服秘鲁中南部的几个地区，并在这些附属领土上建立殖民地。但是，在没有写作系统的情况下，对这个殖民状态的政治结构或Wari统治对当地人群的政治结构的了解鲜为人知 - 部分原因是，在某种程度上，在周围的Wari地区很少有人研究过当地的中间地平线。 Minaspata provides an ideal opportunity to examine the effects of colonization in more detail, as the site was occupied from as early as 800 BC until the end of the arrival of Spanish conquistadors in AD 1532. Mr. Hardy's research will employ recent theoretical advancements and high-tech methodologies to examine the social and cultural transformations which occurred at Minaspata as a result of Wari colonization, which will in turn shed light on the colonial strategies which哥伦比亚前的复杂政体用于建立和维持主权。库斯科地区的建筑研究表明，沃里（Wari）的存在非常密集，尤其是在卢克雷（Lucre）盆地中。 这项投资的最著名的迹象是Pikillacta的大型地点，距Minaspata 1公里，Minaspata是首都本身以外的秘鲁最大的Wari遗址。 1960年代，Minaspata进行的有限发掘表明，该地点在中间地平线上保持了当地特征，这与考古学家对库斯科地区瓦里州的性质所做的假设相矛盾。 Hardy先生将采用的一个有用的概念是文化杂种，该概念可用于研究当地人口在生活中采用各种瓦里社会和文化实践的学位。 这可以通过分析在发掘中回收的考古遗体，例如工具和工艺的生产和设计（尤其是陶瓷），建筑结构和布局的转换，粮食生产和消费实践的转变以及仪式和tornulual练习的变化。 结果将对对殖民主义的理解具有更大的影响。这项研究将寻求超出这些主题的更广泛影响。 Hardy先生将使用这些调查来进行论文，并试图在未来的野外季节中建立数据。 该项目还将涉及来自美国以及秘鲁的学生考古学家，促进未来学者之间的国际合作，并为来自各种背景的有抱负的考古学家提供经验。该项目的结果将在美国和南美的同行评审出版物中传播，原始数据将用于在线公共使用。最后，该项目将涉及在秘鲁和美国实验室进行的分析，从而促进科学技术与更具人文主义的人类学和考古学理论的整合。