Research and Development and Diffusion of Upland-farming Technology under the International Trade Liberalization in Hokkaido

国际贸易自由化背景下北海道旱作技术的研发与推广

基本信息

批准号：
07456098
负责人：
DOI Tokihisa
金额：
$ 4.1万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07456098/
关键词：
Research and development Intensive upland-farming New Variety Labor saving technology optimal use of fertilizer Pest control system Agricultural trade liberalization Diffusion 集約的畑作技術労働節約技術農薬投入技術馬鈴薯甜菜野菜共同販売玉葱花卉生産技術

项目摘要

Due to the increase of imports of upland crops, the food self-sufficiency rate of upland crops is decreasing rapidly and the farmers need a new policy for research and development to increase agricultural productivity. The new intensive upland-farming management is emerging in Hokkaido, where the share of upland crops production accounts about half of the total upland crops production in Japan. The acreage of vegetables has increased rapidly and it has caused the change of the traditional cropping rotation of wheat, potato, sugar beet and pulses.The private research and development activity is increasing especially in the vegetables and flower production, although the public is also playing the important role in agricultural research and development. In case of provided by private flower nurseries company, the cost share of flower nurseries accounts almost half of the total production cost. The transaction process of these new seeds and nurseries between farmers and private companies w … More as analyzed theoretically. F1 onion varieties contributed in decreasing the seasonal shortage of domestic supply and in reducing imports in onion market.Vegetable itself is more labor intensive crop, although vegetable production is increasing in the area where the land resources are scarce. It is inevitable to adopt the mechanization to substitute the labor shortage. The case study of R&D in the mechanization of vegetable production was done in the Tokachi Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives. The study result shows that the demand for farm machinery is increasing very rapidly. Environmental concern also became very important in agricultural production. New information system to control the use of pesticide is developing in upland-crops production. The optimal system to increase the efficiency of the use of agricultural chemicals and to improve environmental situation is discussed theoretically. The role of intra-farm management system of controlling the use of fertilizer, and the irrigation system for upland-crops were also investigated and evaluated. Less

由于高地农作物进口的增加，高地农作物的粮食自给自足率正在迅速下降，农民需要一项新的研究和发展政策来增加农艺产品。北海道正在出现新的密集高地农业管理，高地农作物生产的份额约占日本高地农作物总产量的一半。蔬菜的面积迅速增加，这导致了小麦，马铃薯，甜菜和豆类的传统种植旋转的变化。尽管公众在农业研究和开发中也起着重要作用，但私人的研发活动尤其是在蔬菜和花朵生产中增加。如果由私人花苗圃公司提供，花苗圃的成本份额几乎是生产总成本的一半。这些新种子和托儿所之间的交易过程以及私人公司之间的交易……更多地分析了理论。 F1洋葱品种有助于减少国内供应的季节性短缺和减少洋葱市场进口的季节性短缺。尽管在土地资源稀缺的地区蔬菜产量正在增加，但植物本身的植物产量正在增加。不可避免地会采用替代实验室短缺的机制。蔬菜生产机制研发的案例研究是在托卡奇农业合作社联合会进行的。研究结果表明，对农用机械的需求正在非常迅速。环境问题在农业生产中也变得非常重要。控制农药使用的新信息系统正在高地作品生产中发展。理论上讨论了提高农业化学品效率并改善环境情况的最佳系统。还研究和评估了控制肥料使用肥料的作用以及山地作业的灌溉系统的作用。较少的