Interpersonal Perception: Expectancies, Actions, and Attributions in the Interaction Sequence

人际感知：交互序列中的期望、行动和归因

• 批准号: 8907925
• 负责人: Edward Jones
• 金额: $ 25.96万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-07-01 至 1992-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8907925&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Interpersonal; Perception; Expectancies; Actions; Attributions

This research is designed to extend what we now know about what people see, think about, and experience while interacting with others. We know that people see things differently when they are responding or concerned about responding to others than when they are passive observers. For example, people are very poor at realizing how much the reactions of others are distincly influenced by their own actions. To an important extent we create our own social reality by affecting others and, unfortunately, we then interpret the reactions of others without realizing the extent to which we have caused them. This research focuses on several aspects of this process of creating social reality. One aspect is the specific role that our prior expectations play in acting toward and perceiving others. Another aspect is the effects of various social goals on how people present themselves. A special interest lies in one person's evaluation of another's abilities when the former has some degree of control over the latter's level of performance. With this research, we will have a richer understanding of the thinking processes that accompany and affect social interactions. In practical terms this will bring us closer to understanding how initial false impressions can be sustained in any social interaction, and what determines whether interactions that get off on the wrong foot can be resolved in friendships and mutual understanding .. or drift into further conflict and acrimony.

这项研究旨在扩展我们现在对人们在与他人互动时所看到、想到和经历的了解。 我们知道，当人们回应或关心回应他人时，他们看待事物的方式与被动观察者时的方式不同。 例如，人们很难意识到别人的反应在多大程度上受到自己行为的明显影响。 在很大程度上，我们通过影响他人来创造我们自己的社会现实，不幸的是，我们随后解释了他人的反应，却没有意识到我们在多大程度上造成了这些反应。 这项研究重点关注创造社会现实过程的几个方面。 一方面是我们先前的期望在对待他人和感知他人时所发挥的具体作用。 另一方面是各种社会目标对人们如何表现自己的影响。 当一个人对另一个人的表现水平有一定程度的控制时，一个人对另一个人的能力的评价就存在一种特殊的兴趣。 通过这项研究，我们将对伴随并影响社交互动的思维过程有更丰富的理解。 实际上，这将使我们更接近地理解最初的错误印象如何在任何社交互动中得以维持，以及是什么决定了错误的互动是否可以在友谊和相互理解中得到解决……或者陷入进一步的冲突和冲突。尖刻的。